10 Mawu Omwe Muyenera Kudziwa: Khansa ya M'mapapo Yaying'ono

Zamkati

• Ndondomeko yakufa-ligand 1 (PD-L1)
• Epidermal grow factor receptor (EGFR)
• Kusintha kwa T790M
• Thandizo la Tyrosinse-kinase inhibitor (TKI)
• Kusintha kwa KRAS
• Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) kusintha
• Adenocarcinoma
• Squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma
• Selo yayikulu (yopanda tanthauzo) carcinoma
• Chitetezo chamatenda

Chidule

Kaya inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka, khansa ya m'mapapo yosakhala yaying'ono (NSCLC) ndi mawu ambiri okhudzana ndi izi atha kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Kuyesera kutsatira mawu onse omwe dokotala akukuuzani kungakhale kovuta, makamaka kuwonjezera pakukhudzidwa ndi khansa.

Nawa mawu 10 oti mudziwe pa NSCLC omwe mungakumane nawo mukamayesa mayeso ndi chithandizo.

Ndondomeko yakufa-ligand 1 (PD-L1)

Kuyesedwa kwa PD-L1 kumayesa kuthandizira kwa mankhwala ena omwe amalimbana nawo (omwe amakhala otetezedwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi) kwa iwo omwe ali ndi NSCLC. Izi zimathandiza madotolo kulangiza njira zabwino kwambiri zithandizo yachiwiri.

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Epidermal grow factor receptor (EGFR)

EGFR ndi jini lomwe limakhudzidwa ndikukula kwama cell ndi magawano. Kusintha kwa jini ili kumalumikizidwa ndi khansa yamapapo. Mpaka theka la milandu yonse ya khansa yamapapo imakhala isintha.

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Kusintha kwa T790M

T790M ndi kusintha kwa EGFR komwe kumawoneka pafupifupi theka la milandu yonse ya NSCLC yosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Kusintha kumatanthauza kuti pali kusintha kwa ma amino acid, ndipo zimakhudza momwe wina angayankhire mankhwala.

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Thandizo la Tyrosinse-kinase inhibitor (TKI)

Chithandizo cha TKI ndi mtundu wa chithandizo chofunikira cha NSCLC chomwe chimalepheretsa ntchito ya EGFR, yomwe imatha kuteteza kuti ma cell a khansa asakule.

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Kusintha kwa KRAS

Mtundu wa KRAS umathandizira kuwongolera magawano am'maselo. Ndi mbali ya gulu la majini otchedwa oncogenes. Pankhani yosintha, imatha kusintha maselo athanzi kukhala khansa. Kusintha kwa majini a KRAS kumawoneka pafupifupi 15 mpaka 25% ya milandu yonse ya khansa yamapapo.

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Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) kusintha

Kusintha kwa ALK ndikubwezeretsanso mtundu wa ALK. Kusintha uku kumachitika pafupifupi 5% yamilandu ya NSCLC, makamaka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi adenocarcinoma subtype ya NSCLC. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti maselo a khansa yamapapo akule ndikufalikira.

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Adenocarcinoma

Adenocarcinoma ndi gawo laling'ono la NSCLC. Zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono kuposa mitundu ina ya khansa yamapapu, koma izi zimasiyanasiyana. Ndi khansa yamapapu yamtundu uliwonse yomwe imawoneka mwa osasuta.

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Squamous cell (epidermoid) carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma ndi gawo laling'ono la NSCLC. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kansa yamapapu yamtunduwu amakhala ndi mbiri yosuta. Khansara imayamba m'maselo oopsa, omwe ndi maselo omwe amakhala mkati mwamapapo am'mapapo.

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Selo yayikulu (yopanda tanthauzo) carcinoma

Cell cell carcinoma ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka NSCLC kamene kamatha kupezeka mbali iliyonse yamapapo. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuchiza chifukwa chimakula ndikufalikira mwachangu. Amakhala pafupifupi 10 mpaka 15 peresenti ya khansa yamapapu.

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Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chatsopano cha khansa chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu kuti chithandizire kuwononga maselo a khansa. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mitundu ina ya NSCLC, makamaka kwa anthu omwe khansa yabwerera pambuyo pa chemotherapy kapena chithandizo china.

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