Chibayo - kufooketsa chitetezo cha m'thupi

Chibayo ndi matenda am'mapapo. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza chibayo chomwe chimachitika mwa munthu amene amavutika kulimbana ndi matenda chifukwa cha zovuta zamthupi. Matenda amtunduwu amatchedwa "chibayo m'mayendedwe osatetezedwa."

Zinthu zina zikuphatikizapo:

• Chibayo chotengera kuchipatala
• Pneumocystis jiroveci (kale amatchedwa Pneumocystis carinii) chibayo
• Chibayo - cytomegalovirus
• Chibayo
• Chibayo cha virus
• Kuyenda chibayo

Anthu omwe chitetezo chawo cha m'thupi sichikugwira ntchito bwino sangathe kulimbana ndi majeremusi. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala opatsirana mosavuta kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe nthawi zambiri samayambitsa matenda mwa anthu athanzi. Amakhalanso pachiwopsezo cha zomwe zimayambitsa chibayo, zomwe zimakhudza aliyense.

Chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chitha kufooka kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito chifukwa cha:

• Kuika mafuta m'mafupa
• Chemotherapy
• Matenda a HIV
• Khansa ya m'magazi, lymphoma, ndi zina zomwe zimawononga mafupa anu
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala (kuphatikiza ma steroids, ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ndikuwongolera matenda amthupi)
• Kuika thupi (kuphatikizapo impso, mtima, ndi mapapo)

Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

• Kukhosomola (kumatha kukhala kouma kapena kutulutsa ntchofu, zobiriwira, kapena zotuluka ngati mafinya)
• Kuzizira ndi kugwedezeka
• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Kusapeza bwino, kusakhazikika, kapena kudwala (malaise)
• Mutu
• Kutaya njala
• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kupweteka kapena kubaya pachifuwa komwe kumakulirakulira ndikupumira kapena kutsokomola
• Kupuma pang'ono

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingachitike:

• Thukuta lolemera kapena thukuta usiku
• Malumikizidwe olimba (osowa)
• Minofu yolimba (yosowa)

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amatha kumva phokoso kapena mpweya wina wosamveka mukamamvera pachifuwa ndi stethoscope. Kuchepetsa kupuma kwamawu ndi chizindikiro chofunikira. Kupeza kumeneku kungatanthauze kuti pali kuchuluka kwa madzi pakati pa khoma lachifuwa ndi mapapo (pleural effusion).

Mayeso atha kuphatikiza:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yamagazi
• Mankhwala amagazi
• Chikhalidwe chamagazi
• Bronchoscopy (nthawi zina)
• Chifuwa cha CT pachifuwa (nthawi zina)
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi
• Kupopa kwa mapapo (nthawi zina)
• Mayeso a serum cryptococcus antigen
• Mayeso a Serum galactomannan
• Kuyesa kwa Galactomannan kuchokera ku bronchial alveolar fluid
  
• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum
• Sputum Gram banga
• Mayeso a sputum immunofluorescence (kapena mayeso ena amthupi)
• Kuyesa kwamikodzo (kuti mupeze matenda a Legionnaire kapena Histoplasmosis)

Maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala antifungal atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kutengera mtundu wa majeremusi omwe akuyambitsa matendawa. Maantibayotiki siothandiza pamavirusi. Mungafunike kukhala mchipatala kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.

Oxygen ndi mankhwala ochotsera madzimadzi ndi mamina m'mapapo amafunika nthawi zambiri.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse mavuto ena ndizo:

• Chibayo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi bowa.
• Munthuyu ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kulephera kupuma (vuto lomwe wodwala sangatenge mpweya wabwino ndikuchotsa kaboni dayokisaidi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito makina opumira.)
• Sepsis
• Kufalikira kwa matendawa
• Imfa

Itanani omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro za chibayo.

Ngati muli ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, mutha kulandira maantibayotiki tsiku lililonse kuti muteteze mitundu ina ya chibayo.

Funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mungalandire katemera wa fuluwenza (chimfine) ndi pneumococcal (chibayo).

Khalani aukhondo. Sambani m'manja ndi sopo:

• Pambuyo pokhala panja
• Mukasintha thewera
• Mukatha kugwira ntchito zapakhomo
• Atapita kubafa
• Mukakhudza madzi amthupi, monga ntchofu kapena magazi
• Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito foni
• Musanagwire chakudya kapena kudya

Zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwanu ndi majeremusi ndi awa:

• Sungani nyumba yanu moyera.
• Khalani kutali ndi makamu.
• Funsani alendo omwe ali ndi chimfine kuti avale chigoba kapena kuti asadzayendere.
• OGWIRA ntchito pabwalo kapena kusamalira mbewu kapena maluwa (amatha kunyamula majeremusi).

Chibayo mu immunodeficient wodwala; Chibayo - khamu lotetezedwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi; Khansa - chibayo; Chemotherapy - chibayo; HIV - chibayo

• Pneumococci chamoyo
• Mapapo
• Mapapu
• Dongosolo kupuma

Amawotcha MJ. Wodwala wopanda chitetezo. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 187.

Donnelly JP, Blijlevens NMA, van der Velden WJFM. Matenda omwe amakulandirani mosavomerezeka: mfundo zazikuluzikulu. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Mfundo za Bennett ndi Kuchita kwa Matenda Opatsirana, Kusinthidwa. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 309.

Marr KA. Njira yoyandikira malungo ndi matenda omwe akuganiziridwa kuti ndi omwe akukhudzidwa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 281.

Wunderink RG, Bweretsani MI. Chibayo: kuganizira odwala kwambiri. Mu: Parrillo JE, Dellinger RP, olemba. Zovuta Zosamalira Mankhwala: Mfundo Zazidziwitso ndi Kuwongolera Kwa Akuluakulu. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 40.