HIV mwa Manambala: Zoona, Ziwerengero, ndi Inu

Zamkati

• Kukula, kuchuluka, komanso kufa: Kalelo komanso tsopano
• Chiwerengero cha anthu: Ndani amatenga kachilombo ka HIV ndipo amatenga bwanji?
• Malo: Vuto lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi
• Kuteteza kufala kwa HIV
• Mtengo wa HIV

Chidule cha HIV

Anatinso milandu isanu yoyamba yodziwika yovuta yokhudza kachilombo ka HIV ku Los Angeles mu June 1981. Amuna omwe anali athanzi kale adadwala chibayo, ndipo awiri adamwalira. Masiku ano, anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni aku America ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kupezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi ina kunali kuphedwa. Tsopano, wazaka 20 yemwe ali ndi HIV yemwe amayamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu atha kuyembekeza kukhala ndi moyo wawo. Matendawa, omwe amalimbana ndi chitetezo chamthupi, amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi mankhwala amakono a ma ARV.

Kukula, kuchuluka, komanso kufa: Kalelo komanso tsopano

Pafupifupi muli ndi HIV. Pafupifupi anthu azaka zapakati pa 13 ndi kupitilira omwe ali ndi HIV sakudziwa kuti ali nawo.

Akuti apezeka ndi kachilombo ka HIV mu 2016. Chaka chomwecho, anthu 18,160 omwe ali ndi HIV adayamba gawo lachitatu la HIV, kapena Edzi. Izi zikusiyana kwambiri ndi masiku oyamba a HIV.

Malinga ndi American Federation of AIDS Research, pofika kumapeto kwa 1992, anthu aku America okwana 250,000 anali ndi Edzi, ndipo 200,000 mwa iwo anali atamwalira. Pofika chaka cha 2004, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi ku United States chidafikira 1 miliyoni, ndipo anthu opitilira 500,000 adafa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu: Ndani amatenga kachilombo ka HIV ndipo amatenga bwanji?

Malinga ndi kunena kwa, amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna amapanga pafupifupi 67% (39,782) mwa anthu 50,000 omwe adatenga HIV ku United States mu 2016; mwa awa, 26,570 adalandira kachilomboka makamaka chifukwa cha.

Komabe, aliyense amene amagonana popanda kondomu kapena kugawana masingano atha kutenga HIV. Mwa omwe adapezeka ku United States mu 2016, amuna 2,049 ndi akazi 7,529 adatenga kachilomboka. Ponseponse, matenda atsopano adatsika.

Zikafika, 17,528 mwa omwe amapezeka ku United States mu 2016 anali akuda, 10,345 anali oyera, ndipo 9,766 anali Latino.

Anthu aku America omwe adapezeka ndi matendawa mchaka chimenecho: 7,964. Otsatira kwambiri anali azaka 20 mpaka 24 (6,776) ndi 30 mpaka 34 (5,701).

Malo: Vuto lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi

Mu 2016, zigawo zisanu zokha zidapanga pafupifupi theka la matenda atsopano ku United States. Mayiko asanu awa ndi 19,994 mwa matenda 39,782 atsopano, malinga ndi:

• California
• Florida
• Texas
• New York
• Georgia

AIDS.gov inanena kuti anthu 36.7 miliyoni padziko lonse ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo 35 miliyoni amwalira kuyambira 1981. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala m'maiko omwe akutukuka komanso omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa, monga kumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa.

Malipoti oti mwayi wopeza chithandizo wawonjezeka pakati pa 2010 ndi 2012 m'malo amenewa. Komabe, anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi alibe chithandizo kapena kupewa. Oposa theka la anthu 28.6 miliyoni omwe akutukuka komanso omwe amapeza ndalama zochepa omwe akuyenera kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV akupeza mankhwalawa.

Kuteteza kufala kwa HIV

Ndikofunika kuti anthu - makamaka iwo omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV - ayesedwe pafupipafupi. Kuyambitsa chithandizo cha HIV koyambirira ndikofunikira pazotsatira zabwino. Pafupifupi 44 peresenti ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 64 ku United States awonetsa kuti akuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV. Maphunziro a HIV ndi ovomerezeka m'maiko 34 komanso ku Washington, D.C.

Malinga ndi malingaliro azaumoyo wa anthu, kupewa kufalitsa kachilombo ka HIV ndikofunikira monga kuchiritsa omwe ali nako. Pakhala kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, masiku ano mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV angachepetse mpata woti munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV apatsilane kachilomboko ndi 100 peresenti, ngati mankhwalawo atengedwa nthawi zonse kuti achepetse kachilomboko kufika pamlingo wosaoneka m'magazi.

Pakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mitengo yotumizira ku United States kuyambira m'ma 1980. Pomwe amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna amangoyimira 4 peresenti yokha ya amuna mdziko muno, amakhala ndi omwe adangotenga kachilombo ka HIV.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu kumakhalabe njira yotsika mtengo, yotsika mtengo yodzitetezera ku HIV. Piritsi lotchedwa Truvada, kapena pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), limaperekanso chitetezo. Munthu wopanda HIV atha kudziteteza kuti asatenge kachilomboka pomwa mapiritsiwa kamodzi patsiku. Mukamamwa moyenera, PrEP imatha kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachilombo kuposa.

Mtengo wa HIV

Palibe kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo kangatenge ndalama zambiri kwa iwo omwe ali nayo. United States ikuyembekezeka kuwononga ndalama zoposa $ 26 biliyoni pachaka pamapulogalamu a HIV, kuphatikiza:

• kufufuza
• nyumba
• chithandizo
• kupewa

Mwa ndalamazo, $ 6.6 biliyoni ndi othandizira kunja. Ndalamazi zikuyimira zosakwana 1 peresenti ya bajeti.

Sikuti mankhwala opulumutsa moyo ndiokwera mtengo chabe, koma anthu ambiri m'maiko omwe ali ndi mavuto ochepa amwalira kapena sangathe kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha HIV. Izi zakhudza chitukuko cha mayiko awa.

HIV imakhudza anthu pazaka zawo zogwira ntchito. Mayiko amathera pantchito chifukwa chotayika ndipo, nthawi zambiri, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito. Izi zonse zimawonjezera zovuta pazachuma chawo.

Mtengo wapakati wochizira munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV m'moyo wawo wonse ndi $ 379,668. Malipoti akuti njira zopewera zitha kukhala zotsika mtengo chifukwa cha ndalama zamankhwala zomwe zimapewedwa ngati kachilombo ka HIV sikumafalikira kwambiri.