Silicosis

Silicosis ndi matenda am'mapapo omwe amabwera chifukwa chopumira mu (inhaling) fumbi la silika.

Silika ndi kristalo wamba, wodziwika mwachilengedwe. Amapezeka m'mabedi ambiri amwala. Fumbi la silika limapangidwa panthawi ya migodi, yokumba miyala, yolanda, ndikugwira ntchito ndi miyala ina yachitsulo. Silika ndi gawo lalikulu lamchenga, chifukwa chake ogwiritsa ntchito magalasi ndi ma sand blasters nawonso amapezeka ku silika.

Mitundu itatu ya silicosis imachitika:

• Matenda a silicosis, omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala nthawi yayitali (zaka zopitilira 20) mpaka kutsika fumbi la silika. Fumbi la silika limayambitsa kutupa m'mapapu ndi ma lymph lymph node. Matendawa atha kupangitsa kuti anthu azivutika kupuma. Uwu ndiye mawonekedwe ofala kwambiri a silicosis.
• Kuchulukitsa kwa silicosis, komwe kumachitika pambuyo pokhala ndi silika wochulukirapo kwakanthawi kochepa (zaka 5 mpaka 15). Kutupa m'mapapu ndi zizindikilo zimachitika mwachangu kuposa silicosis yosavuta.
• Acute silicosis, yomwe imabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi silika kwakanthawi kochepa. Mapapu amatupa kwambiri ndipo amatha kudzaza ndimadzimadzi, ndikupangitsa kupuma movutikira komanso mpweya wochepa wama oxygen.

Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito pantchito komwe amakumana ndi fumbi la silika ali pachiwopsezo. Ntchitozi ndi monga:

• Kupanga kwa Abrasives
• Kupanga magalasi
• Migodi
• Kukwatira
• Kumanga misewu ndi zomangamanga
• Kuphulika kwa mchenga
• Kudula miyala

Kuwononga kwambiri silika kumatha kuyambitsa matenda pasanathe chaka. Koma nthawi zambiri zimatenga zaka 10 mpaka 15 ziwonetsero zisanachitike. Silicosis yakhala yocheperako chifukwa Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) idakhazikitsa malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito zida zodzitetezera, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito pafumbi la silika.

Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Tsokomola
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kuchepetsa thupi

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzatenga mbiri yachipatala. Mudzafunsidwa za ntchito zanu (zakale ndi zamakono), zosangalatsa, ndi zina zomwe mwina zidakuwonetsani ku silika. Woperekayo ayeneranso kuyeza zakuthupi.

Kuyesa kotsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa ndikuwonetsa kuti matendawa ndi awa:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Chifuwa cha CT
• Mayeso a ntchito yamapapo
• Kuyesa kwa chifuwa chachikulu
• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa matenda olumikizana ndi minofu

Palibe mankhwala enieni a silicosis. Kuchotsa gwero lowonekera la silika ndikofunikira kuti tipewe matendawa. Chithandizo chothandizira chimaphatikizapo mankhwala a chifuwa, bronchodilators, ndi oxygen ngati zingafunike. Maantibayotiki amapatsidwa matenda opatsirana ngati akufunikira.

Chithandizocho chimaphatikizaponso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi zosakwiya ndikusiya kusuta.

Anthu omwe ali ndi silicosis ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chifuwa chachikulu (TB). Silica amakhulupirira kuti imasokoneza chitetezo cha mthupi ku mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chifuwa chachikulu. Kuyezetsa khungu kuti aone ngati ali ndi TB kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi. Omwe akayezetsa khungu lawo ayenera kulandira mankhwala a TB. Kusintha kulikonse kwa mawonekedwe a chifuwa cha x-ray kungakhale chizindikiro cha TB.

Anthu omwe ali ndi silicosis yayikulu angafunike kupatsidwa mapapo.

Kuyanjana ndi gulu lothandizira komwe mungakumane ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi silicosis kapena matenda ena okhudzana nawo angakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa matenda anu ndikuzolowera mankhwala ake.

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwamapapu.

Silicosis imatha kubweretsa zovuta zotsatirazi:

• Matenda othandizira, kuphatikiza nyamakazi, scleroderma (yotchedwanso progressive systemic sclerosis), ndi systemic lupus erythematosus
• Khansa ya m'mapapo
• Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa fibrosis
• Kulephera kupuma
• Matenda a chifuwa chachikulu

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukayikira kuti mwakumana ndi silika kuntchito ndipo mukuvutika kupuma. Kukhala ndi silicosis kumakupangitsani kukhala kosavuta kuti mukhale ndi matenda am'mapapo. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopeza katemera wa chimfine ndi chibayo.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi silicosis, itanani omwe amakupatsani nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi chifuwa, kupuma pang'ono, malungo, kapena zizindikilo zina zamatenda am'mapapo, makamaka ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi chimfine. Popeza kuti mapapu anu awonongeka kale, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti matendawa athandizidwe mwachangu. Izi zimalepheretsa kupuma kuti kukhale koopsa, komanso kuwonongeka kwamapapu anu.

Ngati mumagwira ntchito yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu kapena muli ndi chizolowezi chowopsa, nthawi zonse muvale chovala chofumbi ndipo osasuta. Mwinanso mungafune kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo china cholimbikitsidwa ndi OSHA, monga kupuma.

Pachimake silicosis; Matenda a silicosis; Kuthamanga kwa silicosis; Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa fibrosis; Kuphatikiza silicosis; Silicoproteinosis

• Mapapu ogwira ntchito yamakala - chifuwa x-ray
• Ogwira ntchito amakala amoto pneumoconiosis - gawo II
• Ogwira ntchito amakala amoto pneumoconiosis - gawo II
• Ogwira ntchito malasha pneumoconiosis, ovuta
• Dongosolo kupuma

Cowie RL, Becklake MR. Pneumoconioses. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 73.

Zotsatira Tarlo SM. Matenda am'mapapo pantchito. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 93.