Mitral valve kuyambiranso

Mitral regurgitation ndi vuto momwe mitral valavu kumanzere kwa mtima satseka bwino.

Kubwezeretsa kumatanthauza kutuluka kuchokera pa valavu yomwe siyitseke konse.

Mitral regurgitation ndi mtundu wodziwika wa vuto la valavu yamtima.

Magazi omwe amayenda kuchokera kuzipinda zosiyanasiyana zamtima wanu amayenera kudutsa pa valavu. Valavu pakati pa zipinda ziwiri mbali yakumanzere ya mtima wanu amatchedwa valavu ya mitral.

Pamene valavu ya mitral siyitsekera njira yonse, magazi amayenda cham'mbuyo kupita kuchipinda chapamwamba chamtima (atrium) kuchokera kuchipinda chapansi pomwe imagwirizana. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amayenderera mthupi lonse. Zotsatira zake, mtima ukhoza kuyesa kupopa kwambiri. Izi zitha kubweretsa kukhumudwa kwamtima.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa Mitral kumatha kuyamba mwadzidzidzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pambuyo povutika ndi mtima. Kukonzanso sikukutha, kumakhala kwa nthawi yayitali (kwanthawi yayitali).

Matenda kapena mavuto ena ambiri amatha kufooketsa kapena kuwononga valavu kapena minofu ya mtima yozungulira valavu. Muli pachiwopsezo chobwezeretsanso ma valve ngati muli:

• Matenda a mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Matenda a mtima wamagetsi
• Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
• Nthawi zambiri, monga syphilis osalandiridwa kapena matenda a Marfan
• Rheumatic matenda amtima. Izi ndizovuta zam'mimba zosasamalidwa zomwe sizichulukirachulukira.
• Kutupa kwa chipinda chakumanzere chakumanzere

China choopsa chofunikira pakubwezeretsanso kwa mitral ndikumagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi otchedwa "Fen-Phen" (fenfluramine ndi phentermine) kapena dexfenfluramine. Mankhwalawa adachotsedwa pamsika ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mu 1997 chifukwa chachitetezo.

Zizindikiro zimayamba mwadzidzidzi ngati:

• Matenda a mtima amawononga minofu yozungulira mitral valve.
• Zingwe zomwe zimalumikiza minofu kumatenda a valavu.
• Matenda a valavu amawononga gawo lina la valavu.

Nthawi zambiri palibe zisonyezo. Zizindikiro zikayamba, nthawi zambiri zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Tsokomola
• Kutopa, kutopa, komanso kupepuka
• Kupuma mofulumira
• Zomverera zakumva kugunda kwa mtima (kugunda kwa mtima) kapena kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• Kupuma pang'ono komwe kumawonjezeka ndi zochitika komanso pogona
• Kudzuka ola limodzi kapena atagona chifukwa cha kupuma movutikira
• Kukodza, usiku kwambiri

Mukamamvera mtima wanu ndi mapapo, wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kuzindikira:

• Chosangalatsa (kunjenjemera) pamtima mukamamva pachifuwa
• Mawu owonjezera pamtima (S4 kugunda)
• Mtima wosiyana ukudandaula
• Ming'alu m'mapapu (ngati madzi amabwereranso m'mapapu)

Kuyeza kwakuthupi kumawunikiranso:

• Kutupa kwa bondo ndi mwendo
• Kukulitsa chiwindi
• Mitsempha ya khosi yotuluka
• Zizindikiro zina zakusalimba kwa mtima

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuchitidwa kuti muyang'ane kapangidwe ka valavu yamtima ndi ntchito:

• Kujambula kwa CT pamtima
• Echocardiogram (kuwunika mtima kwa ultrasound) - transthoracic kapena transesophageal
• Kujambula kwa maginito (MRI)

Catheterization yamtima imatha kuchitika ngati mtima ukugwira ntchito moipiraipira.

Chithandizo chimadalira pazizindikiro zomwe muli nazo, ndi vuto liti lomwe linapangitsa kuti mitral valve ibwererenso, momwe mtima ukugwirira ntchito, komanso ngati mtima wakula.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena minofu ya mtima yofooka amatha kupatsidwa mankhwala kuti achepetse kupsinjika kwa mtima ndikuchepetsa zizindikilo.

Mankhwala otsatirawa atha kulembedwa ngati mitral regurgitation izimpawu zikuipiraipira:

• Beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, kapena calcium channel blockers
• Ochepetsa magazi (anticoagulants) kuti ateteze magazi kuundana mwa anthu omwe ali ndi atril fibrillation
• Mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kugunda kwamtima kosafanana kapena kosazolowereka
• Mapiritsi amadzi (okodzetsa) kuti achotse madzimadzi owonjezera m'mapapu

Chakudya chochepa kwambiri cha sodium chingakhale chothandiza. Mungafunike kuchepetsa zochita zanu ngati zizindikiro zikuyamba.

Mukazindikira, muyenera kupita kwa omwe amakuthandizani pafupipafupi kuti muwone momwe matenda anu amagwirira ntchito komanso mtima wanu.

Mungafunike opaleshoni kuti mukonze kapena kusintha valavu ngati:

• Ntchito yamtima ndiyosauka
• Mtima umakulitsidwa (kukulitsidwa)
• Zizindikiro zimaipiraipira

Zotsatira zimasiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri vutoli ndilofatsa, motero palibe chithandizo kapena choletsa chofunikira. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimatha kuyang'aniridwa ndi mankhwala.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi awa:

• Mikhalidwe yosazolowereka yamtima, kuphatikiza ma fibrillation a atrial komanso mwina yoopsa kwambiri, kapenanso zoopsa zomwe zimawopseza moyo
• Zida zomwe zimatha kupita kumadera ena a thupi, monga mapapu kapena ubongo
• Matenda a valavu yamtima
• Mtima kulephera

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati matenda akukula kapena sakusintha ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Komanso itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukumana ndi vutoli ndikupanga zizindikilo za matenda, omwe ndi awa:

• Kuzizira
• Malungo
• Kumva kudandaula
• Mutu
• Kupweteka kwa minofu

Anthu omwe ali ndi mavavu amtima osazolowereka kapena owonongeka ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda otchedwa endocarditis. Chilichonse chomwe chimayambitsa mabakiteriya kulowa m'magazi anu chimatha kubweretsa matendawa. Zomwe mungapewe vutoli ndi monga:

• Pewani jakisoni wodetsedwa.
• Chitani matenda opatsirana mwachangu kuti mupewe rheumatic fever.
• Nthawi zonse uzani omwe amakupatsani ndi dokotala wamazinyo ngati muli ndi mbiri yamatenda a mtima kapena matenda obadwa nawo musanalandire chithandizo. Anthu ena angafunike maantibayotiki asanayambe opaleshoni ya mano kapena opaleshoni.

Mitral valve kubwezeretsanso; Kulephera kwa valve kwa Mitral; Mtima mitral regurgitation; Valvular mitral kubwezeretsanso

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Opaleshoni ya valve yamtima - mndandanda

Carabello BA. Matenda a mtima wa Valvular. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 66.

Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, ndi al. Kusintha kwa 2017 AHA / ACC kwaupangiri wa 2014 AHA / ACC wowongolera odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtima wa valvular: lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Kuzungulira. Chizindikiro. 2017; 135 (25): e1159-e1195. PMID: 28298458 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28298458/.

Thomas JD, Bonow RO. Matenda a Mitral valve. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 69.