Khansa yoyipa

Khansa yoyipa ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'matumbo akulu (colon) kapena rectum (kumapeto kwa colon).

Mitundu ina ya khansa imatha kukhudza m'matumbo. Izi zimaphatikizapo ma lymphoma, zotupa za khansa, khansa ya khansa, ndi sarcomas. Izi ndizosowa. Munkhaniyi, khansa yam'matumbo imangotanthauza khansa yoyipa yokha.

Ku United States, khansa yoyipa ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa anthu chifukwa cha khansa. Kuzindikira msanga nthawi zambiri kumatha kuchiritsa kwathunthu.

Pafupifupi khansa zonse zam'matumbo zimayambira m'mbali mwa colon ndi m'matumbo. Madokotala akamayankhula za khansa yoyipa, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomwe amalankhula.

Palibe chifukwa chimodzi cha khansa ya m'matumbo. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya khansa yam'matumbo imayamba ngati ma polyp noncancerous (benign), omwe pang'onopang'ono amakhala khansa.

Muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'matumbo ngati:

• Ndiopitilira 50
• Kodi ndi African American kapena ochokera kum'mawa kwa Europe
• Idyani nyama zambiri zofiira kapena zopangidwa
• Khalani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana
• Khalani ndi matenda opatsirana (Matenda a Crohn kapena ulcerative colitis)
• Khalani ndi mbiri yapa khansa ya m'matumbo

Matenda ena obadwa nawo amachulukitsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa m'matumbo. Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri chimatchedwa Lynch syndrome.

Zomwe mumadya zitha kuthandizira kuti mupeze khansa yamatumbo. Khansa ya m'matumbo imatha kulumikizidwa ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri, zopanda mafuta ambiri komanso kudya kwambiri nyama yofiira. Kafukufuku wina apeza kuti chiwopsezo sichitha ngati mutasinthana ndi zakudya zamafuta ambiri, chifukwa chake kulumikizana sikukuwonekeratu.

Kusuta ndudu ndi kumwa mowa ndi zina mwaziwopsezo za khansa yoyera.

Matenda ambiri a khansa yamatumbo alibe zisonyezo. Ngati pali zizindikiro, zotsatirazi zitha kuwonetsa khansa ya m'matumbo:

• Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kufatsa m'mimba
• Magazi pansi
• Kutsekula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kapena kusintha kwina pamatumbo
• Zitsulo zopapatiza
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa chodziwika

Kupyolera mu kuyesa kuyesa, khansa ya m'matumbo imatha kupezeka zizindikiro zisanachitike. Apa ndipamene khansa imachiritsidwa.

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani ndikudina m'mimba mwanu. Kuyeza kwakuthupi sikuwonetsa mavuto aliwonse, ngakhale adotolo amatha kumva chotupa m'mimba. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuwulula kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'matumbo, koma osati khansa ya m'matumbo.

Kuyezetsa magazi kwamatsenga (FOBT) kumatha kuzindikira magazi ochepa pachitetezo. Izi zitha kutanthauza kuti khansa ya m'matumbo. Sigmoidoscopy, kapena kuthekera kwina, colonoscopy, idzachitika kuti muwone zomwe zimayambitsa magazi mu mpando wanu.

Ndi colonoscopy yokhayo yomwe imatha kuwona colon yonse. Uku ndiko kuyesa kwabwino kwambiri kwa khansa ya m'matumbo.

Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuchitidwa kwa omwe amapezeka ndi khansa yoyipa, kuphatikiza:

• Kuwerengera magazi kwathunthu (CBC) kuti muwone kuchepa kwa magazi
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi

Ngati mutapezeka kuti muli ndi khansa yoyipa, mayeso ena adzachitika kuti awone ngati khansayo yafalikira. Izi zimatchedwa staging. Makina a CT kapena MRI am'mimba, m'chiuno, kapena pachifuwa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa khansa. Nthawi zina, kuyesa kwa PET kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito.

Magawo a khansa yamatumbo ndi awa:

• Gawo 0: Khansa yoyambirira kwambiri mkatikati mwa matumbo
• Gawo I: Khansa ili mkatikati mwa matumbo
• Gawo lachiwiri: Khansa yafalikira kudzera pakhoma la minofu
• Gawo lachitatu: Khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node
• Gawo lachinayi: Khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina kunja kwa khola

Kuyezetsa magazi kuti mupeze zotupa, monga carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) kumatha kuthandiza dokotala kukutsatirani mukamalandira chithandizo.

Chithandizo chimadalira pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza gawo la khansa. Chithandizo chitha kukhala:

• Opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho
• Chemotherapy kupha ma cell a khansa
• Thandizo la radiation kuti liwononge minofu ya khansa
• Chithandizo chofuna kuteteza khansa kuti isakule ndikufalikira

KUGWIDWA

Khansa ya khansa ya m'matumbo 0 imatha kuchiritsidwa pochotsa chotupacho pogwiritsa ntchito colonoscopy. Kwa magawo a khansa ya I, II, ndi III, opaleshoni yofunikira kwambiri imafunika kuti muchotse gawo lomwe lili ndi khansa. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumatchedwa colon resection (colectomy).

CHIWANDA

Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe ali ndi khansa yanthawi yayitali yachitatu amalandira chemotherapy atachitidwa opaleshoni kwa miyezi 3 mpaka 6. Izi zimatchedwa adjuvant chemotherapy. Ngakhale chotupacho chidachotsedwa, chemotherapy imaperekedwa kuti ichiritse maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsalira.

Chemotherapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthana ndi zizindikiritso ndikuchulukitsa kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yam'mimba ya IV.

Mutha kulandira mtundu umodzi wokha wa mankhwala kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala.

MADZIWA

Mankhwala a radiation nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'matumbo.

Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'magawo IV omwe afalikira pachiwindi, mankhwala omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pachiwindi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutentha khansa (kuchotsa)
• Kutumiza chemotherapy kapena radiation mwachindunji m'chiwindi
• Kuzizira khansa (cryotherapy)
• Opaleshoni

CHITHANDIZO CHOLINGA

• Zolinga zamankhwala zimayang'aniridwa pazolunjika (ma molekyulu) m'maselo a khansa. Zolingazi zimathandizira momwe ma cell a khansa amakulira ndikupulumuka. Pogwiritsa ntchito zolingazi, mankhwalawa amalepheretsa maselo a khansa kuti asafalikire. Mankhwala oyenera atha kuperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena atha kubayidwa mumtsempha.
• Mwinamwake mwakhala mukuyang'ana mankhwala pamodzi ndi opaleshoni, chemotherapy, kapena mankhwala a radiation.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa za matenda polowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa yamatumbo. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Nthaŵi zambiri, khansara yam'mimba imachiza akagwidwa msanga.

Momwe mumakhalira bwino zimatengera zinthu zambiri, makamaka gawo la khansa. Akalandira chithandizo koyambirira, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo zaka 5 atawazindikira. Izi zimatchedwa zaka 5 zakupulumuka.

Ngati khansara yamatumbo siyibwerera (kubwereranso) mkati mwa zaka 5, imadziwika kuti yachiritsidwa. Khansa I, II, ndi III khansa imawonedwa ngati yochiritsidwa. Nthaŵi zambiri, khansa ya siteji ya IV imawoneka ngati yosachiritsika, ngakhale pali zosiyana.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutsekedwa kwa kholingo, komwe kumayambitsa kutsekeka kwa matumbo
• Khansa ikubwerera m'matumbo
• Khansa imafalikira ku ziwalo zina kapena minofu (metastasis)
• Kukula kwa khansa yachiwiri yoyambira yoyera

Imbani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati muli ndi:

• Mdima wakuda, wonga phula
• Magazi poyenda
• Sinthani zizolowezi zamatumbo
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosadziwika

Khansara ya m'matumbo nthawi zonse imatha kugwidwa ndi colonoscopy koyambirira komanso kosachiritsika. Pafupifupi amuna ndi akazi azaka 50 kapena kupitilira apo ayenera kuyezetsa khansa ya m'matumbo. Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu angafunike kuwunika koyambirira.

Kuyezetsa khansa yam'matumbo nthawi zambiri kumatha kupeza ma polyp asanakhale ndi khansa. Kuchotsa tizilombo timeneti kungateteze khansa ya m'matumbo.

Kusintha zakudya ndi moyo wanu ndikofunikira. Kafukufuku wamankhwala akuwonetsa kuti mafuta ochepa komanso zakudya zamafuta ambiri zitha kuthandiza kuti muchepetse khansa ya m'matumbo.

Khansa yoyipa; Khansa - m'matumbo; Khansa yapakhungu; Khansa - rectum; Adenocarcinoma - m'matumbo; Colon - adenocarcinoma; Colon carcinoma

• Kutulutsa m'mimba - kutulutsa
• Zakudya za Bland
• Kusintha thumba lanu la ostomy
• Chemotherapy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Ileostomy ndi mwana wanu
• Ileostomy ndi zakudya zanu
• Ileostomy - kusamalira stoma yanu
• Ileostomy - kusintha thumba lanu
• Ileostomy - kumaliseche
• Ileostomy - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kutulutsa matumbo akulu - kutulutsa
• Kukhala ndi ileostomy yanu
• Kutulutsa kwapakati - kutulutsa
• Thandizo la radiation - mafunso omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Kutulutsa pang'ono matumbo - kutulutsa
• Colectomy yathunthu kapena proctocolectomy - kutulutsa
• Mitundu ya ileostomy

• Enema wa Barium
• Zojambulajambula
• Dongosolo m'mimba
• Khansa yapamtunda - x-ray
• Khansa ya Sigmoid colon - x-ray
• Matenda a mitsempha - CT scan
• Kapangidwe ka colon
• Magawo a khansa
• Chikhalidwe chachikoloni
• Khansa ya m'matumbo - Mndandanda
• Colostomy - Mndandanda
• Kubwezeretsa matumbo akulu - Series
• Matumbo akulu (colon)

Garber JJ, Chung DC. Colonic polyps ndi polyposis syndromes. Mu: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, olemba. Sleisenger ndi Matenda a Mimba ndi a Fordtran Amatenda a Chiwindi. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 126.

Wolemba M, Johnston B, Van Schaeybroeck S, et al. Khansa yoyipa. Mu: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, olemba. Chipatala cha Abeloff's Oncology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 74.

National Cancer Institute. Colorectal Cancer Prevention (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/hp/colorectal-prevention-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Feb 28, 2020. Idapezeka pa June 9, 2020.

Khansa Yapadziko Lonse Ya Khansa. Malangizo a NCCN Achipatala mu Oncology. Kuwonetsetsa kwa khansa yoyipa. Mtundu wa 2.2020. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colorectal_screening.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa June 8, 2020. Idapezeka pa June 9, 2020.

Qaseem A, Crandall CJ, Mustafa RA, Hick LA, Kufuna TJ; Clinical Guidelines Committee ya American College of Physicians. Kuwunika kwa khansa yoyipa mwa achikulire omwe ali pachiwopsezo: malangizo ochokera ku American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2019; 171 (9): 643-654. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 31683290 adatulutsidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31683290.

Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, et al. (Adasankhidwa) Kuwonetsetsa kwa khansa yoyipa: Malangizo kwa asing'anga ndi odwala ochokera ku US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Ndine J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112 (7): 1016-1030. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 28555630 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28555630. (Adasankhidwa)