Njira lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) ndimatenda amthupi okha. Mu matendawa, chitetezo cha mthupi molakwika chimagunda minofu yathanzi. Zitha kukhudza khungu, mafupa, impso, ubongo, ndi ziwalo zina.

Zomwe zimayambitsa SLE sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Itha kulumikizidwa ndi izi:

• Chibadwa
• Zachilengedwe
• Mahomoni
• Mankhwala ena

SLE imakonda kupezeka mwa akazi kuposa amuna pafupifupi 10 mpaka 1. Itha kumachitika msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, amapezeka kwambiri mwa atsikana azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 44. Ku US, matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ku Africa America, Asia America, African Caribbean, and Hispanic American.

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu, ndipo zimatha kubwera ndikupita. Aliyense amene ali ndi SLE amakhala ndi ululu wolumikizana komanso kutupa nthawi ina. Ena amadwala nyamakazi. SLE nthawi zambiri imakhudza mafupa a zala, manja, maloko, ndi mawondo.

Zizindikiro zina zofala ndi izi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa mukamapuma kwambiri.
• Kutopa.
• Kutentha thupi popanda chifukwa china.
• Zovuta zonse, kusakhazikika, kapena kudwala (malaise).
• Kutaya tsitsi.
• Kuchepetsa thupi.
• Zilonda za pakamwa.
• Kuzindikira dzuwa.
• Kutupa pakhungu - Kutupa kwa "gulugufe" kumayamba pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi SLE. Kutupa kumawoneka makamaka pamasaya ndi mlatho wa mphuno. Zitha kufalikira. Kukuwala kwa dzuwa.
• Kutupa ma lymph node.

Zizindikiro zina zimadalira gawo lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi thupi:

• Ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje - Mutu, kufooka, dzanzi, kumva kulira, kugwidwa, mavuto amaso, kukumbukira komanso kusintha kwa umunthu
• Kugaya m'mimba - Kupweteka m'mimba, nseru, ndi kusanza
• Mavuto amtima - Valve, kutupa kwa minofu ya mtima kapena zolimba mtima (pericardium)
• Mapapu - Kumanga kwamadzimadzi m'malo opumira, kupuma movutikira, kutsokomola magazi
• Khungu - Zilonda mkamwa
• Impso - Kutupa m'miyendo
• Kuzungulira - Kutsekemera m'mitsempha kapena mitsempha, kutupa kwa mitsempha ya magazi, kupindika kwa mitsempha yamagazi poyankha kuzizira (Raynaud phenomenon)
• Zovuta zamagazi kuphatikiza kuchepa kwa magazi, magazi oyera oyera kapena kuchuluka kwa ma platelet

Anthu ena amangokhala ndi khungu. Izi zimatchedwa discoid lupus.

Kuti mupezeke ndi lupus, muyenera kukhala ndi zizindikilo 4 mwa 11 zodziwika za matendawa. Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe ali ndi lupus amakhala ndi mayeso abwino a antinuclear antibody (ANA). Komabe, kukhala ndi ANA wokhawokha sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi lupus.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa kwathunthu. Mutha kukhala ndi zotupa, nyamakazi, kapena edema m'mapazi. Pakhoza kukhala phokoso losazolowereka lotchedwa kukwapula kwa mtima kapena kupukutira kwamphamvu. Woperekayo adzayesanso mayeso amanjenje.

Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira SLE atha kukhala:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
• CBC ndi masiyanidwe
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Seramu wopanga
• Kupenda kwamadzi

Muthanso kukhala ndi mayeso ena kuti muphunzire zambiri za matenda anu. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Gulu la antiinuclear antibody (ANA)
• Zowonjezera zigawo (C3 ndi C4)
• Ma antibodies ku DNA yoluka kawiri
• Mayeso a Coomb - molunjika
• Cryoglobulins
• ESR ndi CRP
• Impso imagwira ntchito kuyesa magazi
• Chiwindi chimayesa magazi
• Chifuwa cha nyamakazi
• Antiphospholipid antibodies ndi lupus anticoagulant test
• Kusokoneza impso
• Kuyerekeza kuyesa kwa mtima, ubongo, mapapo, mafupa, minofu kapena matumbo

SLE palibe mankhwala. Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuwongolera zizindikilo. Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza mtima, mapapo, impso, ndi ziwalo zina nthawi zambiri zimafunikira chithandizo ndi akatswiri. Munthu aliyense yemwe ali ndi SLE amafunika kuwunika motere:

• Matendawa ndi achangu bwanji
• Ndi gawo liti lamthupi lomwe limakhudzidwa
• Ndi mtundu wanji wa chithandizo chofunikira

Mitundu yofatsa ya matendawa imatha kuthandizidwa ndi:

• Ma NSAID azizindikiro zamagulu ndi pleurisy. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani musanamwe mankhwalawa.
• Mankhwala ochepa a corticosteroids, monga prednisone, a khungu ndi matenda a nyamakazi.
• Mafuta a Corticosteroid otupa pakhungu.
• Hydroxychloroquine, mankhwala omwe ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchiritsa malungo.
• Methotrexate itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma corticosteroids
  
• Belimumab, mankhwala a biologic, atha kukhala othandiza kwa anthu ena.

Mankhwala a SLE ovuta kwambiri atha kuphatikiza:

• Mlingo waukulu wa corticosteroids.
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mankhwalawa amapondereza chitetezo cha mthupi). Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati muli ndi lupus yoopsa yomwe imakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, impso kapena ziwalo zina. Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati simupeza bwino ndi corticosteroids, kapena ngati zizindikilo zanu zikuwonjezeka mukasiya kumwa corticosteroids.
• Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri amaphatikizapo mycophenolate, azathioprine ndi cyclophosphamide. Chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake, cyclophosphamide imangolekezera kwakanthawi kochepa kwa miyezi 3 mpaka 6. Rituximab (Rituxan) imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zina.
• Ochepetsa magazi, monga warfarin (Coumadin), potseka mavuto monga antiphospholipid syndrome.

Ngati muli ndi SLE, nkofunikanso kuchita izi:

• Valani zovala zoteteza, magalasi a dzuwa, ndi zotchingira dzuwa mukakhala padzuwa.
• Pezani chisamaliro choteteza mtima.
• Khalani okonzeka ndi katemera.
• Yesetsani kuyesa kuti muchepetse mafupa (osteoporosis).
• Pewani fodya ndikumwa mowa pang'ono.

Upangiri ndi magulu othandizira atha kuthandizira pazovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matendawa.

Zotsatira za anthu omwe ali ndi SLE zakula bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi SLE ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Momwe mumachitira bwino zimadalira momwe matendawa aliri oopsa. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi SLE amafuna mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali. Pafupifupi zonse zidzafunika hydroxychloroquine mpaka kalekale. Komabe, ku US, SLE ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa akazi azaka zapakati pa 5 ndi 64. Mankhwala ambiri atsopano akuphunziridwa kuti athandize zotsatira za amayi omwe ali ndi SLE.

Matendawa amayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri:

• M`zaka zoyambirira pambuyo matenda
• Mwa anthu ochepera zaka 40

Amayi ambiri omwe ali ndi SLE amatha kutenga pakati ndikubereka mwana wathanzi. Zotsatira zabwino ndizotheka kwa azimayi omwe amalandila chithandizo choyenera ndipo alibe vuto lalikulu la mtima kapena impso. Komabe, kupezeka kwa ma SLE antibodies kapena antiphospholipid antibodies kumabweretsa chiopsezo chotenga padera.

LUPUS NEPHRITIS

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi SLE amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi m'maselo a impso. Izi zimabweretsa matenda otchedwa lupus nephritis. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kudwala impso. Angafune dialysis kapena kumuikira impso.

Kufufuza kwa impso kumachitika kuti azindikire kuwonongeka kwa impso ndikuthandizira kuwongolera chithandizo. Ngati yogwira nephritis ilipo, chithandizo chamankhwala opatsirana pogonana kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa corticosteroids limodzi ndi cyclophosphamide kapena mycophenolate ndikofunikira.

Magawo ena a thupi

SLE imatha kuwononga mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi, kuphatikiza:

• Magazi amatseka m'mitsempha ya mitsempha ya m'miyendo, mapapo, ubongo, kapena matumbo
• Kuwonongeka kwa maselo ofiira kapena kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwanthawi yayitali (matenda)
• Madzi ozungulira mtima (pericarditis), kapena kutupa kwa mtima (myocarditis kapena endocarditis)
• Madzi ozungulira mapapo ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu yamapapu
• Mavuto apakati, kuphatikizapo kupita padera
• Sitiroko
• Kuwonongeka kwa matumbo ndi kupweteka m'mimba ndi kutsekeka
• Kutupa m'matumbo
• Kuchuluka kwamagazi m'magazi (ma platelet amafunika kuti magazi asatayike)
• Kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi

KUGONA NDI MIMBA

Onse a SLE ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa SLE atha kuvulaza mwana wosabadwa. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani musanakhale ndi pakati. Mukakhala ndi pakati, pezani omwe akukumana ndi vuto la lupus komanso mimba.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za SLE. Komanso itanani ngati muli ndi matendawa ndipo zizindikilo zanu zikuipiraipira kapena chizindikiro chatsopano chikupezeka.

Kufalitsa lupus erythematosus; SLE; Lupus; Lupus erythematosus; Ziwombankhanga zidzolo - SLE; Pezani lupus

• Njira lupus erythematosus
• Lupus, discoid - kuwona kwa zotupa pachifuwa
• Lupus - discoid pankhope ya mwana
• Ziphuphu zotupa za lupus erythematosus pamaso
• Ma antibodies

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