Uphungu wobadwa nawo

Chibadwa ndi kuphunzira za chibadwa, momwe kholo limadutsira ana awo majini ena.

• Maonekedwe a munthu, monga kutalika, tsitsi, khungu, ndi maso, amatsimikiziridwa ndi majini.
• Zolepheretsa kubadwa ndi matenda ena nthawi zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa ndi majini.

Uphungu wobadwa nawo ndi njira yomwe makolo amatha kuphunzira zambiri za:

• Zidzakhala zotheka bwanji kuti mwana wawo atha kukhala ndi vuto la majini
• Ndi mayesero ati omwe angawone zolakwika kapena zovuta zamtundu
• Kusankha ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mayesowa kapena ayi

Maanja omwe akufuna kukhala ndi mwana atha kuyezetsa asanatenge mimba. Othandizira azaumoyo amathanso kuyesa mwana wosabadwa (mwana wosabadwa) kuti awone ngati mwanayo ali ndi vuto la majini, monga cystic fibrosis kapena Down syndrome.

Zili kwa inu kuti mukhale ndi uphungu woyesedwa asanabadwe kapena ayi. Muyenera kuganizira zokhumba zanu, zikhulupiriro zanu, komanso momwe mumakhalira pabanja.

Anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa ena popatsira ana awo zovuta zamtunduwu. Ali:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi abale kapena ana omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nawo kapena lobadwa.
• Ayuda ochokera kum'mawa kwa Europe. Amatha kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Tay-Sachs kapena matenda a Canavan.
• Anthu aku Africa aku America, omwe atha kutenga chiopsezo chololeza ana awo.
• Anthu ochokera Kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kapena ku Mediterranean, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi ana omwe ali ndi thalassemia, matenda amwazi.
• Amayi omwe anali ndi poizoni (ziphe) zomwe zitha kubweretsa zilema zobereka.
• Amayi omwe ali ndi vuto lathanzi, monga matenda ashuga, omwe angakhudze khanda lawo.
• Mabanja omwe adasokonekera katatu (mwana amamwalira asanakwanitse milungu isanu ndi umodzi atakhala ndi pakati).

Kuyesedwa kumapangidwanso kuti:

• Amayi omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 35, ngakhale kuwunika kwa majini tsopano kulimbikitsidwa kwa azimayi azaka zonse.
• Amayi omwe adakumana ndi zovuta zowunika pathupi, monga alpha-fetoprotein (AFP).
• Amayi omwe mwana wawo amatenga zotsatira zosayembekezereka pamimba ya ultrasound.

Lankhulani za upangiri wa majini ndi omwe amakupatsani komanso banja lanu. Funsani mafunso omwe mungakhale nawo pamayesowa ndi zotsatira zake.

Kumbukirani kuti kuyesedwa kwa majini komwe kumachitika musanatenge mimba (kutenga pakati) nthawi zambiri kumangokuwuzani zovuta zokhala ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kudziwa kuti inu ndi mnzanu muli ndi mwayi umodzi mwa anayi wokhala ndi mwana wodwala kapena wolumala.

Ngati mwasankha kutenga pakati, mufunika mayeso ena kuti muwone ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto kapena ayi.

Kwa iwo omwe atha kukhala pachiwopsezo, zotsatira za mayeso zitha kuyankha mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wobadwa ndi vuto lachibadwa ndi wochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti tiyenera kuyang'ana njira zina zoyambira banja?
• Ngati muli ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lachibadwa, kodi pali mankhwala kapena maopaleshoni omwe angathandize mwanayo?
• Kodi timadzikonzekeretsa bwanji mwayi wokhala ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lachibadwa? Kodi pali magulu kapena magulu othandizira vutoli? Kodi pali omwe amapereka pafupi omwe amachiza ana omwe ali ndi vutoli?
• Tipitilize mimba? Kodi mavuto amwana ndiakulu kwambiri mwakuti titha kusankha kuthetsa mimba?

Mutha kukonzekera podziwa ngati mavuto ena azachipatala ngati awa amapezeka m'banja lanu:

• Mavuto akukula kwa ana
• Kusokonekera
• Kubereka mwana
• Matenda akulu aubwana

Njira zoperekera upangiri pakubadwa zimaphatikizapo:

• Mudzalemba fomu yakuya ya mbiri ya banja ndikulankhula ndi mlangizi zamatenda omwe amapezeka m'banja lanu.
• Muthanso kuyesa magazi kuti muwone ma chromosomes anu kapena majini ena.
• Mbiri yakubanja lanu ndi zotsatira za mayeso zidzakuthandizani aphungu kuti awone zolakwika zomwe mungapatse ana anu.

Ngati mwasankha kukayezetsa mukakhala ndi pakati, mayeso omwe atha kuchitidwa mukakhala ndi pakati (mwina kwa mayi kapena mwana wosabadwa) ndi awa:

• Amniocentesis, momwe madzimadzi amachotsedwa mu amniotic sac (madzimadzi ozungulira mwanayo).
• Chorionic villus sampling (CVS), yomwe imatenga gawo la ma cell kuchokera ku placenta.
• Zitsanzo zamagetsi zamtundu wa umbilical (PUBS), zomwe zimayesa magazi kuchokera ku umbilical chingwe (chingwe chomwe chimalumikiza mayi ndi mwana).
• Kuwunika kosabereka kosabereka, komwe kumayang'ana m'magazi a mayi kwa DNA yochokera kwa mwana yomwe imatha kukhala ndi chromosome yowonjezera kapena yomwe imasowa.

Mayesowa ali ndi zoopsa zina. Zitha kuyambitsa matenda, kuvulaza mwana wosabadwa, kapena kupangitsa kupita padera. Ngati mukuda nkhawa ndi zoopsa izi, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani.

Cholinga cha upangiri wosabereka ndikungothandiza makolo kupanga zisankho mozindikira. Mlangizi wa majini adzakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zomwe mumapeza kuchokera kumayeso anu. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo, kapena mukazindikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto, phungu wanu ndi omwe amakuthandizani adzakambirana nanu za zomwe mungachite ndi zomwe mungachite. Koma zisankho ndi zanu.

• Upangiri wa chibadwa komanso matenda opatsirana asanabadwe

Hobel CJ, Williams J. Antepartum chisamaliro: kudziwiratu ndi chisamaliro chobereka, kuwunika kwa majini ndi teratology, komanso kuwunika kwa mwana asanabadwe. Mu: Wolowa mokuba NF, Gambone JC, Hobel CJ, eds. Hacker & Moore's Essentials of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mutu 7.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF (Adasankhidwa) Kuzindikira kwa amayi asanakwane komanso kuwunika. Mu: Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR, Willard HF, olemba. Thompson & Thompson Genetics mu Mankhwala. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 17.

Wapner RJ, Duggoff L. Matenda a amayi obadwa ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Mu: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, olemba. Creasy ndi Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Mfundo ndi Kuchita. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 32.

• Uphungu Wachibadwa