Njira zodyetsa ndi zakudya - ana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri

Chakudya choyenera msinkhu:

• Amapatsa mwana wanu zakudya zoyenera
• Ndizoyenera kuti mwana wanu akule bwino
• Zitha kuthandiza kupewa kunenepa kwambiri kwaubwana

MWEZI 6 mpaka 8

Pamsinkhu uwu, mwana wanu amatha kudya kangapo kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku, koma amadya kwambiri pakudya kulikonse kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira.

• Ngati mumadyetsa mkaka, mwana wanu azidya pafupifupi ma ola 6 mpaka 8 (180 mpaka 240 milliliters) pakudya, koma sayenera kukhala ndi ma ola 32 (950 milliliters) m'maola 24.
• Mutha kuyamba kuyambitsa zakudya zolimba zaka 6 miyezi. Ma calories ambiri a mwana wanu amayenera kubwera kuchokera mkaka wa m'mawere kapena chilinganizo.
• Mkaka wa m'mawere si gwero labwino lachitsulo. Ndiye pakatha miyezi 6, mwana wanu ayamba kufuna ayironi wambiri. Yambani kudyetsa kolimba ndi phala lamwana wokhala ndi chitsulo chophatikiza ndi mkaka wa m'mawere kapena chilinganizo. Sakanizani ndi mkaka wokwanira kuti mawonekedwe ake akhale owonda kwambiri. Yambani popereka tirigu kawiri patsiku, m'masupuni ochepa chabe.
• Mutha kupangitsa kuti chisakanizo chikhale cholimba mwana wanu akaphunzira kuchiwongolera pakamwa pawo.
• Muthanso kudziwitsa nyama zamtundu wopanda zipatso, zipatso, ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Yesani nandolo zobiriwira, kaloti, mbatata, sikwashi, maapulosi, mapeyala, nthochi, ndi mapichesi.
• Anthu ena odyetsa zakudya amalimbikitsa kuti azitsegula masamba angapo zipatso zisanachitike. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumatha kupangitsa masamba ena kukhala osasangalatsa.
• Ndalama zomwe mwana wanu amadya zimasiyana pakati pa supuni 2 (30 magalamu) ndi makapu awiri (480 magalamu) a zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba patsiku. Zomwe mwana wanu amadya zimadalira kukula kwake komanso momwe amadyera zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungadziwire kuti mwana wanu ali wokonzeka kudya zakudya zolimba:

• Kulemera kwa kubadwa kwa mwana wanu kwawirikiza kawiri.
• Mwana wanu amatha kuwongolera mayendedwe amutu ndi khosi.
• Mwana wanu amatha kukhala ndi chithandizo china.
• Mwana wanu amatha kukuwonetsani kuti ali okhutira potembenuza mutu wawo kapena osatsegula pakamwa pawo.
• Mwana wanu amayamba kusonyeza chidwi ndi chakudya pamene ena akudya.

Muyeneranso kudziwa:

• Osamupatsa uchi mwana wanu. Mutha kukhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse botulism, matenda osowa, koma owopsa.
• Musamapatse mwana wanu mkaka wa ng'ombe mpaka atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi. Ana ochepera zaka 1 amavutika kukumba mkaka wa ng'ombe.
• Osamugoneka mwana wanu ndi botolo. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa mano. Ngati mwana wanu akufuna kuyamwa, apatseni pacifier.
• Gwiritsani supuni yaying'ono mukamayamwitsa mwana wanu.
• Ndi bwino kuyamba kupatsa mwana wanu madzi pakati pa kudyetsa.
• Musamapatse mwana wanu tirigu mu botolo pokhapokha ngati dokotala wa ana kapena katswiri wazakudya akuvomereza, mwachitsanzo, kuti reflux.
• Ingopatsani mwana wanu zakudya zatsopano akakhala ndi njala.
• Yambitsani zakudya zatsopano imodzi, kudikirira masiku awiri kapena atatu pakati. Mwanjira imeneyi mutha kuwonera momwe zinthu zimayendera. Zizindikiro za zovuta zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba, kuthamanga, kapena kusanza.
• Pewani zakudya ndi mchere wowonjezera kapena shuga.
• Dyetsani mwana wanu molunjika mumtsuko pokhapokha mutagwiritsa ntchito mtsuko wonsewo. Apo ayi, gwiritsani ntchito mbale kuti muteteze matenda obwera chifukwa cha chakudya.
• Makontena otsegulidwa a chakudya cha mwana akuyenera kuphimbidwa ndikusungidwa mufiriji osapitilira masiku awiri.

MWEZI WA 8 mpaka 12 WA ZAKA

Pa msinkhu uwu, mutha kupereka zakudya zala pang'ono. Mwana wanu adzakudziwitsani kuti ali okonzeka kuyamba kudzidyetsa mwa kutenga chakudya kapena supuni ndi dzanja lawo.

Zakudya zabwino zala ndizo:

• Masamba ophika ofewa
• Zipatso zotsukidwa ndi zosenda
• Ophwanya Graham
• Chotupitsa cha Melba
• Zakudyazi

Muthanso kukhazikitsa zakudya zopumira, monga:

• Zofufumitsa
• Osakhazikika osakhazikika ndi ma bagel
• Mabisiketi ochepera

Pitirizani kupatsa mwana wanu mkaka wa m'mawere kapena chilinganizo katatu kapena kanayi patsiku pausinkhuwu.

Muyeneranso kudziwa:

• Pewani zakudya zomwe zingakutsamwitseni, monga zidutswa za maapulo kapena magawo, mphesa, zipatso, zoumba, tirigu wouma, agalu otentha, masoseji, chiponde, mbuluuli, mtedza, mbewu, maswiti ozungulira, ndi ndiwo zamasamba zosaphika.
• Mutha kupatsa mwana wanu mazira a dzira katatu kapena kanayi pa sabata. Ana ena amasamala za azungu azungu. Chifukwa chake musawapereke mpaka mutakwanitsa zaka 1.
• Mutha kupereka pang'ono tchizi, kanyumba tchizi, ndi yogurt, koma palibe mkaka wa ng'ombe.
• Pofika zaka 1, ana ambiri amakhala atachoka botolo. Ngati mwana wanu akugwiritsabe ntchito botolo, liyenera kukhala ndi madzi okha.

CHAKA CHIMODZI CHA ZAKA

• Pamsinkhu uwu, mutha kupatsa mwana wanu mkaka wonse m'malo mwa mkaka kapena mkaka wa m'mawere.
• Amayi ambiri ku United States amayamwitsa ana awo pofika msinkhu uwu. Komanso ndibwino kupitiriza kuyamwitsa ngati inu ndi mwana wanu mukufuna.
• Musamapatse mwana wanu mkaka wamafuta ochepa (2%, 1%, kapena skim) mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 2. Mwana wanu amafunikira mafuta owonjezera kuchokera ku mafuta kuti akule ndikukula.
• Pamsinkhu uwu, mwana wanu azipeza zakudya zambiri kuchokera ku mapuloteni, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, buledi ndi tirigu, komanso mkaka. Mutha kuwonetsetsa kuti mwana wanu amalandira mavitamini ndi michere yonse yomwe amafunikira pomupatsa zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
• Mwana wanu ayamba kukwawa ndikuyenda ndikukhala otakataka kwambiri. Adzadya zochepa panthawi, koma azidya pafupipafupi (kanayi mpaka kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku). Kukhala ndi zokhwasula-khwasula m'manja ndibwino.
• Pamsinkhu uwu, kukula kwawo kumachedwetsa. Sadzachulukitsa kukula ngati momwe adachitira ali khanda.

Muyeneranso kudziwa:

• Ngati mwana wanu sakonda chakudya chatsopano, yesani kuchiperekanso nthawi ina. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika mayesero angapo kuti ana adye zakudya zatsopano.
• Musamapatse mwana wanu maswiti kapena zakumwa zotsekemera. Amatha kuwononga chilakolako chawo ndikupangitsa kuwola kwa mano.
• Pewani mchere, zonunkhira zamphamvu, ndi zinthu za caffeine, kuphatikizapo zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, khofi, tiyi, ndi chokoleti.
• Ngati mwana wanu ali wovuta, angafunike chisamaliro, osati chakudya.

ZAKA 2 ZA ZAKA

• Mwana wanu akadzakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, chakudya cha mwana wanu chiyenera kukhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Kudya mafuta ambiri kumatha kudzetsa matenda amtima, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo pambuyo pake.
• Mwana wanu azidya zakudya zosiyanasiyana zamagulu aliwonse: buledi ndi njere, mapuloteni, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mkaka.
• Ngati madzi anu alibe fluoridated, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsukira mkamwa kapena kutsuka mkamwa ndi fluoride wowonjezeredwa.

Ana onse amafunikira calcium yokwanira kuthandizira mafupa awo omwe akukula. Koma si ana onse omwe amakhala okwanira. Katemera wabwino wa calcium ndi awa:

• Mkaka wopanda mafuta ambiri kapena wopanda mafuta, yogati, ndi tchizi
• Maluwa ophika
• Nsomba zamzitini (ndi mafupa)

Ngati chakudya cha mwana wanu ndichabwino komanso chopatsa thanzi, sayenera kufuna vitamini. Ana ena amakonda kudya, koma nthawi zambiri amalandirabe michere yonse yomwe amafunikira. Ngati mukukhudzidwa, funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwana wanu akufuna multivitamin ya ana.

Itanani wothandizira ngati muli ndi nkhawa ndi mwana wanu:

• Sikudya mokwanira
• Ndikudya mopitirira muyeso
• Ndikulemera kwambiri kapena kuchepa kwambiri
• Imakhala yosavomerezeka ndi chakudya

Kudyetsa ana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri; Zakudya - zaka zoyenera - ana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka zaka ziwiri; Ana - kudyetsa chakudya chotafuna

American Academy of Pediatrics, Gawo Loyamwitsa; Johnston M, Landers S, Noble L, Szucs K, Viehmann L. Kuyamwitsa mkaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka waumunthu. Matenda. 2012; 129 (3): e827-e841. PMID: 22371471 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371471. (Adasankhidwa)

Tsamba la American Academy of Pediatrics. Maziko odyetsa botolo. www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/feeding-nutrition/Pages/Bottle-Feeding-How-Its-Done.aspx. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 21, 2012. Idapezeka pa Julayi 23, 2019.

Mapaki EP, Shaikhkhalil A, Sainath NN, Mitchell JA, Brownell JN, Stallings VA. Kudyetsa ana athanzi, ana, komanso achinyamata. Mu: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 56.

• Thanzi Lakhanda ndi Khanda
• Chakudya Chaching'ono