Matenda osokoneza bongo

Vuto lokhala ndi chitetezo cha mthupi limachitika pamene chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira ndikuwononga minofu yabwinobwino mwangozi. Pali mitundu yoposa 80 yamavuto omwe amadzichitira okha.

Maselo a magazi omwe ali ndi chitetezo cha mthupi amathandiza kuteteza ku zinthu zowononga. Zitsanzo zake ndi monga mabakiteriya, mavairasi, poizoni, maselo a khansa, magazi ndi minofu yakunja. Zinthu izi zimakhala ndi ma antigen. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapanga ma antibodies olimbana ndi ma antigen omwe amawathandiza kuti awononge zinthu zovulaza izi.

Mukakhala ndi vuto lokhazikika mthupi lanu, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi sichitha kusiyanitsa pakati pa minofu yabwinobwino ndi ma antigen omwe angakhale oopsa. Zotsatira zake, thupi limayankha zomwe zimawononga minofu yabwinobwino.

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda amthupi mwadzidzidzi sichikudziwika. Lingaliro lina ndiloti tizilombo tina (monga mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi) kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kuyambitsa kusintha komwe kumasokoneza chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zitha kuchitika nthawi zambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi majini omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kuzolowera autoimmune.

Matenda osokoneza bongo angayambitse:

• Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya thupi
• Kukula kwachilendo kwa chiwalo
• Kusintha kwa ziwalo

Vuto lodziyimira palokha limatha kukhudza gawo limodzi kapena zingapo kapena mitundu ya minofu. Madera omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndimatenda amthupi ndi awa:

• Mitsempha yamagazi
• Ziphuphu zolumikizira
• Matenda a Endocrine monga chithokomiro kapena kapamba
• Magulu
• Minofu
• Maselo ofiira ofiira
• Khungu

Munthu amatha kukhala ndi matenda opitilira muyeso nthawi imodzi. Matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi autoimmune ndi awa:

• Matenda a Addison
• Matenda a Celiac - sprue (matenda osokoneza bongo a gluten)
• Dermatomyositis
• Matenda amanda
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Matenda a Sjögren
• Njira lupus erythematosus
• Lembani I shuga

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu ndi malo omwe mayankho olakwika amthupi amalowa. Zizindikiro zodziwika ndizo:

• Kutopa
• Malungo
• Kumva kudwala (malaise)
• Ululu wophatikizana
• Kutupa

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzayesa. Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa matenda.

Mayesero omwe angachitike kuti adziwe matenda omwe ali ndi autoimmune ndi awa:

• Mayeso a antiinuclear antibody
• Mayeso a Autoantibody
• Zamgululi
• Zowonjezera zamagetsi
• Mapuloteni othandizira C (CRP)
• Mlingo wa sedimentation wa erythrocyte (ESR)
• Kupenda kwamadzi

Zolinga zamankhwala ndi:

• Sungani njira yokhayokha
• Sungani luso la thupi lolimbana ndi matenda
• Kuchepetsa zizindikiro

Chithandizo chimadalira matenda anu komanso zizindikilo zanu. Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi awa:

• Zowonjezera m'malo mwa zinthu zomwe thupi limasowa, monga mahomoni a chithokomiro, vitamini B12, kapena insulin, chifukwa cha matenda omwe amadzichititsa
• Kuikidwa magazi ngati magazi akhudzidwa
• Thandizo lakuthupi lothandizira poyenda ngati mafupa, mafupa, kapena minofu yakhudzidwa

Anthu ambiri amatenga mankhwala kuti achepetse chitetezo chamthupi mosavomerezeka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo corticosteroids (monga prednisone) ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito ma steroid monga azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, sirolimus, kapena tacrolimus. Mankhwala oyenera monga tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blockers ndi Interleukin inhibitors atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku matenda ena.

Zotsatira zimadalira matenda. Matenda ambiri omwe amadzichiritsira okha amakhala osatha, koma ambiri amatha kuwongoleredwa ndi chithandizo.

Zizindikiro zamatenda amthupi zimatha kubwera ndikupita. Zizindikiro zikakulirakulira, zimatchedwa flare-up.

Zovuta zimadalira matenda. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza chitetezo cha mthupi amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, monga chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukukula ndi vuto la autoimmune.

Palibe njira yodziwika yodzitetezera pamavuto ambiri amthupi.

• Matenda amanda
• Matenda a Hashimoto (chronic thyroiditis)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Njira lupus erythematosus
• Madzi a Synovial
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Ma antibodies

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Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Matenda a chitetezo cha mthupi. Mu: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, olemba, eds. Ma Robbins ndi Matenda a Cotran Pathologic. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: mutu 6.

Peakman M, Buckland MS. Chitetezo cha mthupi ndi matenda. Mu: Kumar P, Clark M, eds. Kumar ndi Clarke's Clinical Medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 8.

Zima WE, Harris NS, Merkel KL, Collinsworth AL, Clapp WL. Matenda omwe amadziwika ndi thupi lawo. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 54.