Dermatitis yapamwamba

Dopatitis ya atopic ndimatenda amtundu wautali (okhalitsa) omwe amakhala ndi zotupa ndi zotupa. Ndi mtundu wa chikanga.

Mitundu ina ya chikanga ndi monga:

• Lumikizanani ndi dermatitis
• Chikanga cha Dyshidrotic
• Nummular chikanga
• Matenda a Seborrheic

Dermatitis yapamwamba ndi chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika pakhungu. Zomwe zimachitika zimayambitsa kuyabwa, kutupa ndi kufiira kosalekeza. Anthu omwe ali ndi atopic dermatitis amatha kukhala osamala kwambiri chifukwa khungu lawo lilibe mapuloteni enaake omwe amateteza khungu kuti lisamamwe madzi.

Dermatitis yambiri imafala kwambiri mwa makanda. Itha kuyamba kuyambira miyezi 2 mpaka 6. Anthu ambiri amapitilira msinkhu wawo atakula.

Anthu omwe ali ndi atopic dermatitis nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphumu kapena ziwengo za nyengo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbiri ya ziwengo monga chifuwa cha mphumu, hay fever, kapena chikanga. Anthu omwe ali ndi atopic dermatitis nthawi zambiri amayesedwa kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyesa khungu. Komabe, atopic dermatitis siyimayambitsidwa ndi chifuwa.

Zotsatirazi zitha kukulitsa zizindikilo za atopic dermatitis:

• Matenda a mungu, nkhungu, nthata, kapena nyama
• Mphepo yozizira komanso youma m'nyengo yozizira
• Chimfine kapena chimfine
• Lumikizanani ndi zopsa mtima ndi mankhwala
• Lumikizanani ndi zinthu zovuta, monga ubweya
• Khungu louma
• Kupsinjika mtima
• Kuyanika pakhungu posamba pafupipafupi kapena kusamba komanso kusambira pafupipafupi
• Kutentha kapena kuzizira kwambiri, komanso kutentha kwadzidzidzi
• Mafuta onunkhira kapena utoto wowonjezeredwa m'matenda a khungu kapena sopo

Kusintha khungu kungaphatikizepo:

• Zipsera zotumphukira ndi zotumphuka
• Khungu louma thupi lonse, kapena malo akhungu lopindika kumbuyo kwa mikono ndi kutsogolo kwa ntchafu
• Kutulutsa khutu kapena kutuluka magazi
• Malo akhungu pakhungu
• Mtundu wa khungu umasintha, monga utoto wocheperako kuposa khungu
• Kufiira kwa khungu kapena kutupa mozungulira matuza
• Malo othinana kapena achikopa, omwe amatha kuchitika atakwiya kwanthawi yayitali ndikukanda

Mtundu ndi malo a zotupa zimadalira msinkhu wa munthu:

• Kwa ana ochepera zaka 2, zidzolo zimayamba kumaso, khungu, manja, ndi mapazi. Ziphuphu nthawi zambiri zimayabwa ndipo zimapanga matuza omwe amatuluka ndikutuluka.
• Kwa ana achikulire ndi akulu, ziphuphu zimakonda kuwonekera mkati mwa mawondo ndi chigongono. Ikhozanso kuoneka pakhosi, manja, ndi mapazi.
• Kwa achikulire, ziphuphu zimatha kukhala m'manja, zikope, kapena kumaliseche.
  
• Ziphuphu zimatha kupezeka paliponse m'thupi pakagwa mliri woipa.

Kuyabwa kwambiri ndikofala. Kuyabwa kumatha kuyamba ngakhale izi zisanachitike. Matenda a dermatitis nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "kuyabwa komwe kumatuluka" chifukwa kuyabwa kumayamba, kenako khungu limatsatira chifukwa chakukanda.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ayang'ana khungu lanu ndikuyesa. Mungafunike khungu kuti mutsimikizire kuti mumapezeka kapena muzitulutsa zina zomwe zimayambitsa khungu lowuma.

Matendawa amatengera:

• Momwe khungu lanu limawonekera
• Mbiri yanu komanso banja lanu

Kuyesa khungu lakuthupi kumatha kukhala kothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi:

• Ovuta kuchiza atopic dermatitis
• Zizindikiro zina zowopsa
• Ziphuphu zakhungu zimangopangidwa m'malo ena amthupi mutakumana ndi mankhwala enaake

Wothandizira anu amatha kuyitanitsa zikhalidwe zakuthupi la khungu. Ngati muli ndi atopic dermatitis, mutha kutenga matenda mosavuta.

NKHOSA ZA Khungu kunyumba

Kusamalira khungu tsiku ndi tsiku kumachepetsa kufunika kwa mankhwala.

Kukuthandizani kuti mupewe kukanda totupa kapena khungu lanu:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zonunkhira, topical steroid kirimu, kapena mankhwala ena omwe amakupatsirani.
• Tengani mankhwala a antihistamine pakamwa kuti muchepetse kuyabwa kwambiri.
• Sungani zikhadabo zanu. Valani magolovesi opepuka mukamagona ngati kukanda usiku kuli vuto.

Sungani khungu lanu lonyowa pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta (monga petroleum jelly), mafuta, kapena mafuta odzola kawiri kapena katatu patsiku. Sankhani zopangidwa ndi khungu lomwe mulibe mowa, fungo, utoto, ndi mankhwala ena. Chopangira chinyezi chosunga mpweya wanyumba chimathandizanso.

Pewani zinthu zomwe zimawonjeza zizindikilo, monga:

• Zakudya, monga mazira, zomwe zingayambitse mwana wakhanda kwambiri (nthawi zonse lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani choyamba)
• Zosakaniza, monga ubweya ndi lanolin
• Sopo zamphamvu kapena zotsekemera, komanso mankhwala ndi zosungunulira
• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kwa thupi ndi kupsinjika, komwe kumatha kubweretsa thukuta
• Zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo

Posamba kapena posamba:

• Onetsani khungu lanu kuthirira kwa kanthawi kochepa momwe mungathere. Malo osambira ofupikirapo, ozizira ndi abwino kuposa malo osambirapo ataliatali, otentha.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zotsuka zolimbitsa thupi m'malo mochapa sopo.
• Osasesa kapena kuyanika khungu lanu molimbika kapena motalika kwambiri.
• Ikani mafuta odzola pakhungu lanu likadali lachinyezi mukatha kusamba. Izi zidzakuthandizani kutulutsa chinyezi pakhungu lanu.

MANKHWALA

Pakadali pano, kuwombera ziwengo sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchiza matenda a dermatitis.

Ma antihistamine omwe amatengedwa pakamwa amatha kuthandiza kuyabwa kapena chifuwa. Nthawi zambiri mumatha kugula mankhwalawa popanda mankhwala.

Dermatitis yamatenda nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amaikidwa molunjika pakhungu kapena pamutu. Izi zimatchedwa mankhwala apakhungu:

• Muyenera kuti mupatsidwe zonona kapena zonunkhira pang'ono koyamba. Mungafunike mankhwala amphamvu ngati izi sizigwira ntchito.
• Mankhwala omwe amatchedwa topical immunomodulators (TIMs) atha kulembedwa kwa aliyense wopitilira zaka ziwiri. Funsani omwe amakupatsani zomwe zikukudetsani nkhawa za chiopsezo cha khansa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
• Mafuta kapena mafuta onunkhira omwe amakhala ndi phula la malasha kapena anthralin atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo olimba.
• Mafuta otchinga zotchinga okhala ndi ma ceramide atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chithandizo chonyowa ndi ma topical corticosteroids chingathandize kuwongolera vutoli. Koma, zitha kubweretsa matenda.

Mankhwala ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi awa:

• Mankhwala opha tizilombo kapena mapiritsi ngati khungu lanu liri ndi kachilombo
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala oyeserera a biologic omwe adapangidwa kuti akhudze mbali zina za chitetezo cha mthupi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi dermatitis ya atopic
• Phototherapy, mankhwala omwe khungu lanu limayang'aniridwa mosamala ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV)
• Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakanthawi kwa systemic steroids (ma steroids operekedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera mumitsempha)

Dermatitis yapamwamba imakhala nthawi yayitali. Mutha kuyiyang'anira pochiza, kupewa zoyipa, komanso kusungunula khungu lanu.

Kwa ana, vutoli limayamba kutha pafupifupi zaka 5 mpaka 6, koma zolakwika zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Kwa achikulire, vuto limakhala nthawi yayitali kapena kubwerera.

Dopatitis ya atopic imatha kukhala yovuta kuwongolera ngati:

• Iyamba adakali aang'ono
• Zimaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa thupi
• Zimachitika limodzi ndi chifuwa ndi mphumu
• Zimapezeka kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja la chikanga

Zovuta za atopic dermatitis ndi izi:

• Matenda a khungu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya, bowa, kapena ma virus
• Zipsera zosatha
• Zotsatira zoyipa zantchito yanthawi yayitali yothana ndi chikanga

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Dermatitis ya m'mimba sikhala bwino ndikusamalidwa kunyumba
• Zizindikiro zimaipiraipira kapena mankhwala sakugwira ntchito
• Muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda (monga malungo, kufiira, kapena kupweteka)

Ana omwe akuyamwitsidwa mpaka miyezi inayi atha kukhala ocheperako dermatitis.

Ngati mwana samayamwitsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe ili ndi mapuloteni amkaka amkaka (omwe amatchedwa hydrolyzed form) atha kuchepa mwayi wokhala ndi atopic dermatitis.

Chikanga cha ana; Dermatitis - atopic; Chikanga

• Keratosis pilaris - pafupi
• Dermatitis yapamwamba
• Pamwamba pa akakolo
• Dermatitis - atopic khanda
• Chikanga, atopic - pafupi-mmwamba
• Dermatitis - atopic pa nkhope ya msungwana wamng'ono
• Keratosis pilaris patsaya
• Dermatitis - atopic pa miyendo
• Hyperlinearity mu atopic dermatitis

Tsamba la American Academy of Dermatology Association. Mitundu ya eczema: chidule cha dermatitis. www.aad.org/public/diseases/eczema. Inapezeka pa February 25, 2021.

[Adasankhidwa] Boguniewicz M, Leung DYM. Dermatitis yapamwamba. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 33.

Dinulos JGH. Dermatitis yapamwamba. Mu: Dinulos JGH, mkonzi. Chipatala cha Habif's Dermatology. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chap.

McAleer MA, O'Regan GM, Irvine AD. Dermatitis yapamwamba. Mu: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, olemba. Matenda Opatsirana. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 12.