Khansa ya pakhungu ya diso

Khansa ya pakhungu la diso ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana amaso.

Khansa ya khansa ndi khansa yoopsa kwambiri yomwe imatha kufalikira mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri ndimtundu wa khansa yapakhungu.

Khansa ya pakhungu la diso imatha kukhudza magawo angapo amaso, kuphatikiza:

• Choroid
• Ciliary thupi
• Conjunctiva
• Chikope
• Iris
• Mpita

Choroid wosanjikiza ndiye malo omwe khansa ya khansa imapezeka m'maso. Uwu ndiye wosanjikiza wa mitsempha ndi minofu yolumikizana pakati pa zoyera za diso ndi diso (kumbuyo kwa diso).

Khansayo ikhoza kukhala m'maso mokha. Kapenanso, imatha kufalikira (metastasize) kupita kumalo ena m'thupi, makamaka chiwindi. Melanoma amathanso kuyamba pakhungu kapena ziwalo zina mthupi ndikufalikira kumaso.

Melanoma ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chotupa m'maso mwa akulu. Ngakhale zili choncho, khansa ya khansa yomwe imayamba m'diso ndiyosowa.

Kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pachiwopsezo cha khansa ya khansa. Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu loyera komanso labuluu amakhudzidwa kwambiri.

Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'maso imatha kukhala ndi izi:

• Kutulutsa maso
• Sinthani mtundu wa iris
• Maso olakwika m'diso limodzi
• Diso lofiira, lopweteka
• Cholakwika chaching'ono pa iris kapena conjunctiva

Nthawi zina, sipangakhale zizindikiro.

Kuyesedwa kwa maso ndi ophthalmoscope kumatha kuwonetsa chotupa chimodzi chozungulira kapena chowulungika m diso.

Mayeso omwe atha kulamulidwa ndi awa:

• Kujambula kwa Brain CT kapena MRI kuti kuyang'anire kufalikira (metastasis) kuubongo
• Ultrasound m'maso
• Khungu la khungu ngati pali malo okhudzidwa pakhungu

Matenda a khansa ang'onoang'ono angachiritsidwe ndi:

• Opaleshoni
• Laser
• Thandizo la radiation (monga Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, brachytherapy)

Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse diso (enucleation) kungafunike.

Mankhwala ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi awa:

• Chemotherapy, ngati khansara yafalikira kupitirira diso
• Immunotherapy, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira chitetezo chanu chamthupi kuthana ndi khansa ya pakhungu

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira khansa. Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

Zotsatira za khansa ya khansa ya m'maso zimadalira kukula kwa khansa ikapezeka. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo osachepera zaka 5 kuyambira pomwe adapezeka ngati khansara siyinafalikire kunja kwa diso.

Ngati khansara yafalikira kunja kwa diso, mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali ndi wotsika kwambiri.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha khansa ya m'maso ndi awa:

• Kupotoza kapena kutaya masomphenya
• Gulu la Retinal
• Kufalikira kwa chotupacho kumadera ena a thupi

Itanani kuti mudzakumane ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya pakhungu.

Njira yofunika kwambiri yopewera khansa ya khansa ya m'maso ndiyo kuteteza maso ku kuwala kwa dzuwa, makamaka pakati pa 10 koloko mpaka 2 koloko masana, pomwe kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri. Valani magalasi okhala ndi zoteteza ku ultraviolet.

Kuyezetsa diso pachaka kumalimbikitsidwa.

Khansa ya khansa ya pakhungu - choroid; Khansa ya khansa - diso; Chotupa cha diso; Khansa ya pakhungu

• Diso

Augsburger JJ, Correa ZM, Berry JL. Zotupa zotupa m'mimba. Mu: Yanoff M, Duker JS, olemba. Ophthalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 8.1.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Intraocular (uveal) melanoma treatment (PDQ) - mtundu wazachipatala. www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 24, 2019. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 2, 2019.

Seddon JM, McCannel TA. (Adasankhidwa) Epidemiology ya posterior uveal melanoma. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, olemba. Retina wa Ryan. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 143.

Zoteteza CL, Shields JA. Chidule cha kasamalidwe ka khansa ya khansa ya posterior uveal melanoma. Mu: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, olemba. Retina wa Ryan. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 147.