Kutulutsa magazi pang'ono

Magazi a hemolytic reaction ndivuto lalikulu lomwe limatha kuchitika mukathiridwa magazi. Zomwe zimachitikazo zimachitika pomwe maselo ofiira omwe amaperekedwa panthawi yoika magazi awonongedwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi cha munthuyo. Maselo ofiira a magazi akawonongedwa, njirayi imatchedwa hemolysis.

Palinso mitundu ina ya matupi awo sagwirizana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hemolysis.

Magazi amagawidwa m'magulu anayi osiyanasiyana: A, B, AB, ndi O.

Njira ina yomwe maselo amwazi amagawidwira ndi zinthu za Rh. Anthu omwe ali ndi zifukwa za Rh m'magazi awo amatchedwa "Rh positive." Anthu opanda izi amatchedwa "Rh negative." Anthu a Rh alibe ma antibodies motsutsana ndi Rh factor ngati alandila magazi a Rh.

Palinso zifukwa zina zodziwira maselo amwazi, kuphatikiza ABO ndi Rh.

Chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimatha kudziwa ma cell ake amwazi kuchokera kwa a munthu wina. Ngati mulandira magazi omwe sagwirizana ndi magazi anu, thupi lanu limapanga ma antibodies kuti awononge maselo aoperekayo. Izi zimayambitsa kuyika magazi. Magazi omwe mumalandira mukamalandira magazi ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi magazi anu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu lilibe ma antibodies olimbana ndi magazi omwe mumalandira.

Nthawi zambiri, kuthiridwa magazi pakati pamagulu ogwirizana (monga O + to O +) sikumabweretsa vuto. Kuikidwa magazi pakati pamagulu osagwirizana (monga A + mpaka O-) kumayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zitha kubweretsa kuthiridwa magazi kwambiri. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimapha maselo amwazi omwe aperekedwa, ndikuwapangitsa kuti aphulike.

Masiku ano, magazi onse amawunika mosamala. Kuika anthu magazi kumachitika kawirikawiri.

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Ululu wammbuyo
• Mkodzo wamagazi
• Kuzizira
• Kukomoka kapena chizungulire
• Malungo
• Kumva kupweteka
• Kutuluka khungu

Zizindikiro za kupatsidwa magazi kwa hemolytic nthawi zambiri zimawonekera nthawi yomweyo kapena atangoikidwa kumene. Nthawi zina, amatha kukula patatha masiku angapo (achedwa kuchita).

Matendawa amatha kusintha zotsatira za mayeso awa:

• Zamgululi
• Mayeso a Coombs, molunjika
• Mayeso a Coombs, osalunjika
• Zowonongeka za Fibrin
• Haptoglobin
• Nthawi yapadera ya thromboplastin
• Nthawi ya Prothrombin
• Seramu bilirubin
• Seramu wopanga
• Seramu hemoglobin
• Kupenda kwamadzi
• Mkodzo hemoglobin

Ngati zizindikiro zimachitika panthawi yoika magazi, magazi amayenera kuimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo. Zitsanzo zamagazi kuchokera kwa wolandirayo (yemwe akuyikidwa magazi) komanso kuchokera kwa woperekayo atha kuyesedwa kuti adziwe ngati zizindikilo zikuyambitsidwa ndi kuthiridwa magazi.

Zizindikiro zofatsa zitha kuthandizidwa ndi:

• Acetaminophen, ochepetsa ululu kuti achepetse kutentha thupi komanso kusapeza bwino
• Madzi omwe amaperekedwa kudzera mumitsempha (intravenous) ndi mankhwala ena ochizira kapena kupewa kufooka kwa impso ndi mantha

Zotsatira zimadalira kuopsa kwake. Matendawa amatha kutha popanda mavuto. Kapenanso, zitha kukhala zowopsa komanso zowopseza moyo.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Pachimake impso kulephera
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Mavuto am'mapapo
• Chodabwitsa

Uzani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu ngati mukuthiridwa magazi ndipo mudachitapo kanthu kale.

Magazi operekedwa amayikidwa m'magulu a ABO ndi Rh kuti achepetse mwayi wothandizidwa.

Asanathiridwe magazi, wolandila komanso wopereka magazi amayesedwa (ophatikizana) kuti awone ngati ndiwotheka. Magazi ochepa omwe amaperekedwa amaphatikizidwa ndi magazi ochepa omwe amalandila. Chosakanikacho chimayang'aniridwa ndi microscope ngati pali zizindikiro zosagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Asanathiridwe magazi, omwe amakupatsani nthawi zambiri amayang'ananso kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukulandira magazi oyenera.

Kuyankha magazi

• Mapuloteni apamwamba omwe amachititsa kukanidwa

Zabwino zonse LT. Mankhwala oika anthu magazi. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 177.

Hall JE. Mitundu yamagazi; kuikidwa magazi; kupindika minofu ndi ziwalo. Mu: Hall JE, mkonzi. Guyton ndi Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. Wolemba 13. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 36.

Savage W. Kusintha kwa magazi ndi mankhwala othandizira maselo. Mu: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, olemba. Hematology: Mfundo Zoyambira ndi Zochita. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 119.