Mayeso a ntchito yamapapo

Kuyesa kwa m'mapapo ndi gulu la mayeso omwe amayesa kupuma komanso momwe mapapu amagwirira ntchito.

Spirometry imayesa kutuluka kwa mpweya. Poyeza kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mumatulutsa, komanso momwe mumatulutsira msanga, spirometry imatha kuyesa matenda am'mapapo osiyanasiyana. Muyeso la spirometry, mukakhala pansi, mumapumira pakamwa komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi chida chotchedwa spirometer. Spirometer imalemba kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mumapuma ndikutuluka kwakanthawi. Kuyimirira, manambala ena akhoza kukhala osiyana pang'ono.

Pazoyeserera zina, mutha kupuma bwinobwino komanso mwakachetechete. Mayeso ena amafuna kupumira mokakamiza kapena kutulutsa mpweya mokakamiza. Nthawi zina, mudzafunsidwa kuti mupume mpweya wina kapena mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti muwone momwe amasinthira zotsatira zanu.

Kuyeza kwa voliyumu kumatha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

• Njira yolondola kwambiri imatchedwa thupi plethysmography. Mumakhala mubokosi loyera lopanda mpweya lomwe limawoneka ngati malo ogulitsira mafoni. Katswiri wamaphunziro amakupemphani kuti mupume ndikutuluka pakamwa. Kusintha kwa kuthamanga mkati mwa bokosilo kumathandizira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mapapo.
• Kuchuluka kwamapapu kumatha kuwerengedwanso mukamapuma nayitrogeni kapena mpweya wa helium kudzera mu chubu kwakanthawi. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya mchipinda chomwe chalumikizidwa ndi chubu kumayezedwa kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa mapapo.

Kuti muyese kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, mumapuma mpweya wopanda vuto, wotchedwa tracer gasi, kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri kumangopuma kamodzi. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'mlengalenga womwe mumapuma kumayesedwa. Kusiyanitsa kwa kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumawongolera ndi kutulutsa momwe mpweya umayendera bwino kuchokera m'mapapu kupita kumwazi. Kuyesaku kumalola wothandizira zaumoyo kulingalira momwe mapapu amasunthira mpweya wabwino kuchokera mlengalenga kupita m'magazi.

Musadye chakudya cholemera musanayezetse. Osasuta kwa maola 4 kapena 6 musanayezedwe. Mupeza malangizo achindunji ngati mukufuna kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito bronchodilators kapena mankhwala ena opumira. Muyenera kupuma mankhwala musanayese kapena musanayesedwe.

Popeza kuyesaku kumaphatikizapo kupuma mokakamiza komanso kupuma mwachangu, mwina mumatha kupuma pang'ono kapena kupepuka. Mwinanso mungakhale ndi chifuwa. Mumapuma kudzera pakamwa pothina bwino ndipo mudzakhala ndi mphuno. Ngati muli ndi claustrophobic, gawo loyeserera m'khonde lotsekedwa lingamve kukhala losasangalala.

Tsatirani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito cholankhulira cha spirometer. Chisindikizo chosauka mozungulira cholankhulira chingayambitse zotsatira zomwe sizolondola.

Kuyesedwa kwa ntchito yam'mapapo mwanga kumachitika kuti:

• Dziwani mitundu ina ya matenda am'mapapo, monga asthma, bronchitis, ndi emphysema
• Pezani chomwe chimayambitsa mpweya wochepa
• Onetsetsani ngati kupezeka kwa mankhwala kuntchito kumakhudza mapapu
• Onetsetsani momwe mapapo amagwirira ntchito munthu asanamuchite opaleshoni
• Unikani mphamvu ya mankhwala
• Yesani kupita patsogolo kwamankhwala
• Yerekezerani kuyankha kwamankhwala am'mitsempha yama mtima

Makhalidwe abwinobwino amatengera msinkhu wanu, kutalika, mtundu, komanso kugonana. Zotsatira zabwinobwino zimawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka. Mtengo amawerengedwa kuti siwachilendo ngati uli pafupifupi 80% yamtengo woloseredwa.

Mitengo yamtengo wapatali imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa ma laboratories osiyanasiyana, kutengera njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwira zoyenera. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyeserera.

Miyeso yosiyanasiyana yomwe ingapezeke pa lipoti lanu mutayesedwa ntchito ya pulmonary ndi monga:

• Kusintha kwakachulukidwe kaboni monoxide (DLCO)
• Kutulutsa kotulutsa mphamvu (ERV)
• Kukakamizidwa kofunikira (FVC)
• Kukakamiza kutulutsa mphamvu pakamphindi 1 (FEV1)
• Kutuluka kokakamizidwa kutulutsa 25% mpaka 75% (FEF25-75)
• Ntchito yotsalira (FRC)
• Kutulutsa kokwanira modzipereka (MVV)
• Voliyumu yotsalira (RV)
• Kutuluka kwapamwamba kwambiri (PEF)
• Mphamvu yochedwa (SVC)
• Chiwerengero cha mapapu (TLC)

Zotsatira zachilendo nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi matenda pachifuwa kapena m'mapapo.

Matenda ena am'mapapo (monga emphysema, asthma, bronchitis osachiritsika, ndi matenda) amatha kupangitsa mapapu kukhala ndi mpweya wambiri ndikutenga nthawi kuti atulutse. Matenda am'mapapowa amatchedwa matenda osokoneza bongo.

Matenda ena am'mapapo amachititsa kuti mapapo akhale ndi zipsera komanso zazing'ono kotero kuti amakhala ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri ndipo samatha kusamutsa mpweya m'magazi. Zitsanzo za matendawa ndi awa:

• Kulemera kwambiri
• Pulmonary fibrosis (scarring kapena thickening of the lung minofu)
• Sarcoidosis ndi scleroderma

Kufooka kwa minyewa kumatha kupanganso zotsatira zoyeserera, ngakhale mapapo ali abwinobwino, ndiye kuti, ofanana ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa mapapu ang'onoang'ono.

Pali chiopsezo chochepa cha mapapu omwe agwa (pneumothorax) mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mapapo. Mayesowa sayenera kuperekedwa kwa munthu amene wagwidwa ndi vuto la mtima posachedwa, ali ndi mitundu ina yamatenda amtima, kapena amene wadwala mapapo posachedwa.

Ma PFTs; Spirometry; Mawonekedwe; Kuyesedwa kwamapapo; Kuchuluka kwa mapapo; Chidziwitso

• Spirometry
• Kuyesa machesi

Golide WM, Koth LL. Kuyesedwa kwa ntchito yamapapo Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 25.

Putnam JB. Mapapu, khoma pachifuwa, pleura, ndi mediastinum. Mu: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: Maziko Achilengedwe a Njira Zamakono Zopangira Opaleshoni. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 57.

Scanlon PD. Ntchito ya kupuma: njira ndi kuyesa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 79.