Kutupa kwa mafupa

Mafupa am'mafupa ndikuchotsa mafuta m'mafupa amkati. Mafupa ndi mafupa ofewa mkati mwa mafupa omwe amathandiza kupanga maselo a magazi. Amapezeka m'mbali mwa mafupa ambiri.

Kutupa kwa mafupa a mafupa sikuli kofanana ndi chiyembekezo cha m'mafupa. Chilakolako chimachotsa pang'ono mafuta m'mafupa kuti awunikidwe.

Kutupa kwa mafupa kumatha kuchitika kuofesi ya othandizira zaumoyo kapena kuchipatala.Chitsanzocho chitha kutengedwa kuchokera m'chiuno kapena m'chifuwa. Nthawi zina, malo ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Marrow amachotsedwa motere:

• Ngati kuli kotheka, mumapatsidwa mankhwala okuthandizani kuti musangalale.
• Wothandizirayo amayeretsa khungu ndikubayira mankhwala otsekemera m'deralo komanso pamwamba pa fupa.
• Singano yolowetsa mkati imayikidwa mu fupa. Pakatikati pa singano imachotsedwa ndipo singano yolowetsedwa imasunthidwa kulowa mufupa. Izi zimatola pang'ono, kapena pachimake, m'mafupa mkati mwa singano.
• Zitsanzo ndi singano zimachotsedwa.
• Anzanu kenako bandeji amathiridwa pakhungu.

Cholinga cha mafuta m'mafupa chitha kuchitidwanso, nthawi zambiri chisanachitike. Khungu litachita dzanzi, singanoyo imalowetsedwa mufupa, ndipo syringe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa mafuta m'mafupa. Ngati izi zachitika, singano idzachotsedwa ndikuyikanso. Kapenanso, singano ina itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa.

Uzani wopezayo:

• Ngati matupi anu sagwirizana ndi mankhwala aliwonse
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mukumwa
• Ngati muli ndi mavuto otaya magazi
• Ngati muli ndi pakati

Mukumva kuluma kwakuthwa mankhwala obaya dzanzi atabayidwa. Singano ya biopsy itha kuchititsanso kupweteka kwakanthawi, nthawi zambiri, kosasangalatsa. Popeza mkati mwa fupa simungathe kuchita dzanzi, kuyesa uku kumatha kubweretsa mavuto ena.

Ngati kulakalaka mafuta m'mafupa kumachitidwanso, mutha kumva kupweteka kwakanthawi, kwakuthwa m'mene madzi am'mafupa amachotsedwera.

Wothandizira anu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayesowa ngati muli ndi mitundu yachilendo kapena manambala ofiira kapena oyera amwazi wamagazi kapena ma platelet pamwazi wathunthu wamagazi (CBC).

Kuyesaku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza khansa ya m'magazi, matenda, mitundu ina ya kuchepa kwa magazi, ndi zovuta zina zamagazi. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthandizira kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira kapena yathandizidwa kuchipatala.

Zotsatira zabwinobwino zimatanthauza kuti fupa la mafupa limakhala ndi nambala yoyenera ndi mitundu yama cell yopanga magazi (hematopoietic), maselo amafuta, ndimatenda olumikizirana.

Zotsatira zachilendo zimatha kukhala chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mafupa (leukemia, lymphoma, multipleeloma, kapena khansa zina).

Zotsatirazo zitha kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi (maselo ofiira ochepa kwambiri), maselo oyera amwazi, kapena thrombocytopenia (ma platelet ochepa kwambiri).

Zinthu zenizeni zomwe mayeso angayesedwe:

• Matenda a fungus (kufalitsa coccidioidomycosis)
• Khansara yoyera yamagazi yoyera yotchedwa hairy cell leukemia
• Khansa yamatenda am'mimba (Hodgkin kapena non-Hodgkin lymphoma)
• Mafupa a mafupa samapanga maselo a magazi okwanira (aplastic anemia)
• Khansa yamagazi yotchedwa multiple myeloma
• Gulu la zovuta zomwe samapangidwira maselo amwazi athanzi okwanira (myelodysplastic syndrome; MDS)
• Chotupa cha mitsempha chotchedwa neuroblastoma
• Matenda a mafupa omwe amachititsa kuwonjezeka kwapadera kwa maselo a magazi (polycythemia vera)
• Mapuloteni achilengedwe amamangirira m'matumba ndi ziwalo (amyloidosis)
• Matenda a m'mafupa momwe mafutawa amalowetsedwa ndi minofu yolimba (myelofibrosis)
• Mafupa a mafupa amapanga ma platelet ochuluka kwambiri (thrombocythemia)
• Khansara yoyera yamagazi yotchedwa Waldenström macroglobulinemia
• Kuchepa kwa magazi kosadziwika, thrombocytopenia (kuchuluka kwamagazi) kapena leukopenia (low WBC count)

Pakhoza kukhala kutuluka magazi pamalo obowoloka. Zowopsa zowopsa, monga kutuluka magazi kwambiri kapena matenda, ndizosowa kwambiri.

Chisokonezo - mafupa

• Kukhumba kwamfupa
• Kutulutsa mafupa

Bates I, Burthem J. Bone mafupa. Mu: Bain BJ, Bates I, Laffan MA, eds. Dacie ndi Lewis Othandiza Hematology. Wolemba 12. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 7.

Chernecky CC, Berger BJ. Kusanthula kwa mafupa okhathamira-mafupa (biopsy, banga la mafupa, chitsulo, fupa). Mu: Chernecky CC, Berger BJ, olemba., Eds. Kuyesa Kwantchito ndi Njira Zakuzindikira. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013: 241-244.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Kuwunika koyambirira kwamagazi ndi mafupa. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 30.