Kukalamba kumasintha m'mapapu

Mapapu ali ndi ntchito zazikulu ziwiri. Imodzi ndikutenga mpweya kuchokera mlengalenga kulowa mthupi. Enanso ndikuchotsa mpweya woipa mthupi. Thupi lanu limafunikira mpweya wabwino kuti ligwire bwino ntchito. Carbon dioxide ndi mpweya womwe thupi limatulutsa ikagwiritsa ntchito mpweya.

Popuma, mpweya umalowa ndi kutuluka m'mapapu. Mukapuma (kukoka mpweya), mpweya umayenda kudzera munjira zopita m'mapapu. Maulendowa amapangidwa ndi minofu yotambasula. Minyewa yambiri ndi minofu ina yothandizira imazungulira mozungulira msewu uliwonse kuti iwathandize kukhala otseguka.

Mpweya umayenda m'mapapu mpaka utadzaza timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya. Magazi amayenda mozungulira matumba amlengalenga kudzera mumitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi yotchedwa capillaries. Oxygen imadutsa m'magazi pamalo pomwe mitsempha yamagazi ndi matumba amlengalenga amakumana. Apa ndipomwe carbon dioxide imadutsa kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'mapapu kukapumira (kutulutsa mpweya).

KUSINTHA KWAKULEKA MTHUPI LAKO NDIPONSO KUKHUDZIKA KWAWO PA MAPAMA

Kusintha kwa mafupa ndi minofu ya chifuwa ndi msana:

• Mafupa amakhala owonda ndikusintha mawonekedwe. Izi zitha kusintha mawonekedwe a nthiti yanu. Zotsatira zake, nthiti zanu sizingakule ndikulumikizananso popuma.
• Minofu yomwe imathandizira kupuma kwanu, diaphragm, imafooka. Kufooka kumeneku kumatha kukulepheretsani kupuma mpweya wokwanira kulowa kapena kutuluka.

Kusintha kumeneku m'mafupa ndi minofu yanu kumachepetsa mpweya wabwino m'thupi lanu. Komanso, carbon dioxide yocheperako imatha kuchotsedwa mthupi lanu. Zizindikiro monga kutopa ndi kupuma movutikira zimatha.

Kusintha kwa minofu yamapapu:

• Minofu ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zili pafupi ndi njira yanu yoyendetsera ndege zitha kutaya mwayi woti mayendedwe ampweya atseguke. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma airways atseke mosavuta.
• Kukalamba kumapangitsanso matumba amlengalenga kutaya mawonekedwe ake ndikukhala otakataka.

Kusintha uku kwa minofu yamapapu kumatha kulola kuti mpweya ugwere m'mapapu anu. Mpweya wochepa kwambiri ungalowe m'mitsempha yanu yamagazi ndipo mpweya wocheperako ungachotsedwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma.

Kusintha kwa dongosolo lamanjenje:

• Gawo laubongo lomwe limayang'anira kupuma limatha kusiya kugwira ntchito. Izi zikachitika, mapapu anu sangathe kupeza mpweya wokwanira. Mpweya wokwanira wa carbon dioxide ukhoza kuchoka m'mapapu. Kupuma kumatha kukhala kovuta kwambiri.
• Mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kutsokomola imayamba kuchepa. Tinthu tambiri monga utsi kapena majeremusi amatha kusonkhanitsa m'mapapu ndipo zimakhala zovuta kutsokomola.

Zosintha m'thupi:

• Chitetezo chanu chamthupi chimatha kufooka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lanu silitha kulimbana ndi matenda am'mapapo ndi matenda ena.
• Mapapu anu sangathenso kuchira atayamba kusuta kapena tinthu tina tovulaza.

MAVUTO OKHALA

Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, achikulire ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha:

• Matenda a m'mapapo, monga chibayo ndi bronchitis
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Mulingo wochepa wa oxygen
• Kupuma kosazolowereka, komwe kumabweretsa mavuto monga kugona tulo (magawo a kusiya kupuma tulo)

KUPewETSA

Kuchepetsa zotsatira zakukalamba m'mapapu:

• Osasuta. Kusuta kumawononga mapapu ndikufulumizitsa ukalamba wamapapu.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti muwongolere mapapu.
• Dzuka ndi kusuntha. Kugona pabedi kapena kukhala nthawi yayitali kumathandiza ntchofu kusonkhanitsa m'mapapu. Izi zimayika pachiwopsezo cha matenda am'mapapo. Izi zimachitika makamaka mutangochitidwa opaleshoni kapena mukadwala.

ZINTHU ZINA ZIMENE ZILI ZOKHULUPIRIRA

Mukamakula, mudzasintha zina, kuphatikizapo:

• M'ziwalo, minofu, ndi maselo
• M'mafupa, minofu, ndi mafupa
• Mumtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi
• Muzizindikiro zofunika

• Cilia wopuma
• Kusintha kwa minofu yamapapu ndi ukalamba

Davies GA, Bolton CE. Kusintha kokhudzana ndi zaka m'thupi. Mu: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 17.

Meuleman J, Kallas HE. Zolemba. Mu: Harward MP, Mkonzi. Zinsinsi Zamankhwala. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 18.

Walston JD. Zolemba zofananira zamankhwala zakukalamba. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 22.