Kusintha kwa ukalamba pakhungu

Kusintha kwa ukalamba pakhungu ndi gulu lazomwe zimachitika ndikukula komwe kumachitika anthu akamakalamba.

Kusintha kwa khungu ndi zina mwazizindikiro zodziwika bwino za ukalamba. Umboni wa zaka zakubadwa umaphatikizapo makwinya ndi khungu lomwe layamba kutha. Kuyeretsa kapena kumeta imvi ndichizindikiro china chokalamba.

Khungu lanu limachita zinthu zambiri. Ndi:

• Muli zolandirira mitsempha zomwe zimakulolani kuti muzimva kukhudza, kupweteka, komanso kukakamizidwa
• Amathandizira kuwongolera madzimadzi ndi ma elektrolyte
• Zimathandizira kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi lanu
• Kumakutetezani ku chilengedwe

Ngakhale khungu lili ndi zigawo zambiri, limatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• Gawo lakunja (epidermis) lili ndi khungu, khungu, ndi mapuloteni.
• Gawo lapakati (dermis) limakhala ndi khungu la khungu, mitsempha, mitsempha, misozi ya tsitsi, ndi mafinya amafuta. Mphukira imapereka michere ku khungu.
• Mzere wamkati mwa dermis (wosanjikiza wocheperako) umakhala ndimatenda a thukuta, mafinya ena atsitsi, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mafuta.

Mbali iliyonse imakhala ndi minyewa yolumikizirana yokhala ndi ulusi wa collagen wothandizira ndi ulusi wa elastin kuti athe kusinthasintha komanso mphamvu.

Kusintha kwa khungu kumakhudzana ndi chilengedwe, mapangidwe amtundu, zakudya, ndi zina. Chinthu chachikulu kwambiri, komabe, ndikutuluka dzuwa. Mutha kuwona izi poyerekeza madera amthupi lanu omwe amakhala padzuwa nthawi zonse ndi malo omwe amatetezedwa ku dzuwa.

Mitundu yachilengedwe imawoneka ngati ikuteteza ku khungu lomwe limawonongedwa ndi dzuwa. Anthu akhungu loyera, akhungu loyera amawonetsa kusintha kwa khungu lokalamba kwambiri kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda, lolemera kwambiri.

ZINTHU ZOKalamba ZASINTHA

Ndikukalamba, khungu lakunja (epidermis) limayenda, ngakhale kuchuluka kwama cell sikusasinthe.

Chiwerengero cha maselo okhala ndi pigment (melanocytes) amachepetsa. Ma melanocyte otsala amakula kukula. Khungu lokalamba limawoneka lochepa, lopepuka, komanso lowoneka bwino (losasintha). Mawanga achikuda kuphatikizapo mabala azaka kapena "mawanga a chiwindi" amatha kuwonekera m'malo owala dzuwa. Mawu azachipatala am'madera awa ndi lentigos.

Kusintha kwa minyewa yolumikizira kumachepetsa mphamvu ya khungu komanso kukhathamira kwake. Izi zimadziwika kuti elastosis. Amawonekera kwambiri m'malo owonekera padzuwa (dzuwa elastosis). Elastosis imapanga mawonekedwe achikopa, akumenyedwa nyengo wamba kwa alimi, oyendetsa sitima, ndi ena omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali panja.

Mitsempha yamagazi ya dermis imakhala yosalimba. Izi zimabweretsa mikwingwirima, kutuluka magazi pakhungu (lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa senile purpura), ma angiomas a chitumbuwa, ndi zina zofananira.

Matumbo a Sebaceous amatulutsa mafuta ochepa mukamakula. Amuna amachepa pang'ono, nthawi zambiri atakwanitsa zaka 80. Amayi amabala mafuta pang'ono pang'ono atatha kusamba. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti khungu likhale lonyowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume komanso kuwuma.

Mafuta osanjikiza amadzimadzi amadzimangirira kotero amakhala ndi zotchingira pang'ono komanso zokutira. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chovulala pakhungu ndikuchepetsa kutentha kwanu. Chifukwa mulibe zotchingira zochepa, mutha kupeza hypothermia nthawi yozizira.

Mankhwala ena amalowetsedwa ndi mafuta osanjikiza. Kupapatiza kwa gawo lino kumatha kusintha momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito.

Zofufumitsa za thukuta zimatulutsa thukuta locheperako. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukhalabe ozizira. Chiwopsezo chanu chotentha kapena kukulitsa kutentha kwamphamvu kumawonjezeka.

Kukula monga zikopa, zikopa, mabala ofiira (seborrheic keratoses), ndi zipsera zina ndizofala kwa anthu achikulire. Zowonjezeranso ndi zigamba za pinki (actinic keratosis) zomwe zimakhala ndi mwayi wochepa wokhala khansa yapakhungu.

ZOTSATIRA ZOSINTHA

Mukamakalamba, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chovulala pakhungu. Khungu lanu ndi locheperako, lofooka kwambiri, ndipo mumataya mafuta ena otetezera. Mwinanso simungathe kuzindikira kukhudza, kupanikizika, kugwedezeka, kutentha, ndi kuzizira.

Kusisita kapena kukoka pakhungu kumatha kuyambitsa misozi ya khungu. Mitsempha yosalimba imatha kusweka mosavuta. Ziphuphu, kusonkhanitsa magazi (purpura), ndi kusonkhetsa magazi (hematomas) atha kupangika ngakhale atavulala pang'ono.

Zilonda zamavuto zimatha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa khungu, kutayika kwamafuta, kuchepa kwa zochita, kusadya bwino, ndi matenda. Zilonda zimawoneka mosavuta kunja kwa mikono, koma zimatha kupezeka paliponse pathupi.

Khungu lokalamba limadzikonza pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi khungu laling'ono. Kuchiritsa bala kumatha kukhala mpaka 4 pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimapangitsa kupanikizika kwa zilonda ndi matenda. Matenda ashuga, chotengera chamagazi, chitetezo chotsitsa, ndi zina zimakhudzanso kuchira.

MAVUTO OKHALA

Matenda a khungu ndiofala pakati pa okalamba mwakuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza zosintha zofananira kuchokera kwa omwe ali ndi vuto. Oposa 90% mwa okalamba onse ali ndi vuto linalake pakhungu.

Matenda akhungu amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza:

• Matenda amitsempha yamagazi, monga arteriosclerosis
• Matenda a shuga
• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda a chiwindi
• Kuperewera kwa zakudya
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• Zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala
• Kupsinjika

Zina zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa khungu:

• Nthendayi kuzomera ndi zinthu zina
• Nyengo
• Zovala
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa mankhwala a mafakitale ndi apanyumba
• Kutenthetsa m'nyumba

Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumatha kuyambitsa:

• Kutaya kwa kutanuka (elastosis)
• Ziphuphu zopanda khungu (keratoacanthomas)
• Kusintha kwa nkhumba monga mawanga a chiwindi
• Kukhuthala kwa khungu

Kutuluka kwa dzuwa kumalumikizidwanso mwachindunji ndi khansa yapakhungu, kuphatikiza khansa ya basal cell, squamous cell carcinoma, ndi melanoma.

KUPewETSA

Chifukwa kusintha kwakukulu pakhungu kumakhudzana ndi kuwonekera padzuwa, kupewa ndi njira yamoyo wonse.

• Pewani kutentha kwa dzuwa ngati kuli kotheka.
• Gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa mukakhala panja, ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira.
• Valani zovala zoteteza ndi chipewa pakafunika kutero.

Chakudya chabwino ndi madzi okwanira amathandizanso. Kutaya madzi m'thupi kumawonjezera ngozi yovulala pakhungu. Nthawi zina kuchepa kwa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kuyambitsa ziphuphu, zotupa pakhungu, ndi kusintha kwina kwa khungu, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro zina.

Sungani khungu lonyowa ndi lotions ndi zotsekemera zina. Musagwiritse ntchito sopo wopangidwa ndi mafuta onunkhira kwambiri. Mafuta osamba samalimbikitsidwa chifukwa amatha kukupangitsani kuterereka ndikugwa. Khungu lonyowa limakhala bwino ndipo limachira mwachangu.

NKHANI ZOKHUDZA

• Kusintha kwa ukalamba mmaonekedwe amthupi
• Kukalamba kumasintha tsitsi ndi misomali
• Kusintha kwa ukalamba pakupanga mahomoni
• Kukalamba kumasintha kwa ziwalo, minofu, ndi maselo
• Kusintha kwa ukalamba m'mafupa, minofu, ndi mafupa
• Kukalamba kumasintha m'mawere
• Kusintha kwa ukalamba pamaso
• Kukalamba kumasintha mphamvu

Makwinya - kusintha kwa ukalamba; Kuchepetsa khungu

• Zosintha kumaso ndi ukalamba

Tobin DJ, Veysey EC, Finlay AY. Kukalamba ndi khungu. Mu: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: chap 25.

Walston JD. Zolemba zofananira zamankhwala zakukalamba. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 22.