Kukalamba kumasintha mafupa - minofu - mafupa

Kusintha kwa kaimidwe ndi kayendedwe (kachitidwe kakuyenda) ndizofala ndi ukalamba. Kusintha pakhungu ndi tsitsi kumakhalanso kofala.

Mafupawa amathandizira thupi ndi kapangidwe kake. Ziwalo ndi madera omwe mafupa amasonkhana pamodzi. Amalola kuti mafupa azisunthika poyenda. Polumikizana, mafupa samalumikizana mwachindunji. M'malo mwake, amatetezedwa ndi karotila mumalumikizidwe, ma synovial membranes ozungulira olowa, ndi madzi.

Minofu imapereka mphamvu ndi mphamvu yosunthira thupi. Kukonzekera kumayendetsedwa ndi ubongo, koma kumakhudzidwa ndikusintha kwa minofu ndi mafupa. Kusintha kwa minofu, mafupa, ndi mafupa kumakhudza mawonekedwe ndi kuyenda, ndipo zimabweretsa kufooka ndikuchedwa kuyenda.

ZINTHU ZOKalamba ZASINTHA

Anthu amataya mafupa kapena kuchuluka kwawo akamakalamba, makamaka azimayi atatha kusamba. Mafupa amataya calcium ndi mchere wina.

Msanawo umapangidwa ndi mafupa otchedwa ma vertebrae. Pakati pa fupa lililonse pali khushoni wofanana ndi gel (wotchedwa disk). Ndikukalamba, pakati pa thupi (thunthu) limakhala lalifupi pamene ma disks pang'onopang'ono amataya madzi ndikukhala owonda.

Vertebrae amatayanso mchere wawo, ndikupangitsa fupa lililonse kukhala locheperako. Mzere wa msana umakhala wokhotakhota ndi wopanikizika (wodzaza pamodzi). Mafupa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ukalamba komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu kwa msana amathanso kupanga ma vertebrae.

Mapazi a phazi amakhala ocheperako, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale wamtali pang'ono.

Mafupa aatali a mikono ndi miyendo amakhala olimba kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mchere, koma sasintha kutalika. Izi zimapangitsa mikono ndi miyendo kuwoneka yayitali poyerekeza ndi thunthu lofupikitsidwa.

Malumikizowo amakhala olimba komanso osasinthasintha. Madzi m'malo amachepa. Cartilage ikhoza kuyamba kupukuta palimodzi ndikutha. Mchere ungalowetse m'malo ena ozungulira (calcification). Izi ndizofala paphewa.

Mafupa a mchiuno ndi mawondo amatha kuyamba kutayika (kusintha kosasintha). Malumikizidwe achala amatayika khunyu ndipo mafupa amakula pang'ono. Zolumikizana zala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mafupa otchedwa osteophytes, ndizofala kwambiri mwa amayi. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kukhala kotengera.

Kuchepetsa thupi kumachepa. Kuchepa kumeneku kumayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kutayika kwa minofu (atrophy). Kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa minofu kumawoneka kuti kumayambitsidwa ndi majini. Kusintha kwa minofu nthawi zambiri kumayambira mzaka za makumi awiri mwa amuna komanso m'ma 40s mwa akazi.

Lipofuscin (pigment yokhudzana ndi zaka) ndi mafuta zimayikidwa minofu ya mnofu. Mitambo ya minofu imachepa. Minofu ya minofu imachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Minofu yotayika imatha kusinthidwa ndi minofu yolimba yolimba. Izi zimawonekera kwambiri m'manja, zomwe zimawoneka zowonda komanso zamfupa.

Minofu sikhala ndi matani ocheperako ndipo satha kulumikizana chifukwa cha kusintha kwa minofu yam'mimba komanso ukalamba wabwinobwino mumanjenje. Minofu imatha kukhala yolimba ndi msinkhu ndipo imatha kuchepa, ngakhale mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi.

ZOTSATIRA ZOSINTHA

Mafupa amathothoka ndipo amatha kutuluka mosavuta. Kutalika kwathunthu kumachepa, makamaka chifukwa thunthu ndi msana zimafupikira.

Kutha kwamalumikizidwe kumatha kubweretsa kutupa, kupweteka, kuuma, ndi kupunduka. Zosintha zonse zimakhudza pafupifupi anthu onse okalamba. Kusintha kumeneku kumachokera pakulimba pang'ono mpaka nyamakazi yayikulu.

Kaimidwe kake kangakhale kotsamira (kopindika). Mawondo ndi chiuno zimatha kusintha. Khosi limatha kupendekera, ndipo mapewa amatha kuchepa pomwe chiuno chimayamba kukulira.

Kusuntha kumachedwetsa ndipo kumatha kuchepa. Njira yoyendera (gait) imakhala yocheperako komanso yofupikitsa. Kuyenda kumatha kukhala kosakhazikika, ndipo mkono umachepa. Okalamba amatopa mosavuta komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.

Mphamvu ndi chipiriro zimasintha. Kutaya minofu kumachepetsa mphamvu.

MAVUTO OKHALA

Osteoporosis ndimavuto ofala, makamaka kwa azimayi achikulire. Mafupa amathyoledwa mosavuta. Kupanikizika kwa ma vertebrae kumatha kupweteketsa komanso kuchepetsa kuyenda.

Kufooka kwa minofu kumathandizira kutopa, kufooka, komanso kuchepetsa kulolerana kwa zochitika. Mavuto amgwirizano kuyambira kuuma pang'ono mpaka kufooka kwa nyamakazi (osteoarthritis) ndizofala kwambiri.

Kuopsa kovulala kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito, kusakhazikika, komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito kumatha kubweretsa kugwa.

Anthu ena okalamba achepetsa malingaliro. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwa minofu ndi minyewa, m'malo mosintha misempha. Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwamondo kapena mawondo kumatha kuchitika. Zosintha zina, monga zabwino Babinski reflex, si gawo lachibadwa la ukalamba.

Kusuntha modzipereka (kunjenjemera kwa minofu ndi mayendedwe abwino otchedwa fasciculations) ndizofala kwambiri mwa anthu okalamba. Okalamba omwe sagwira ntchito atha kukhala ofooka kapena kumva zachilendo (paresthesias).

Anthu omwe sangathe kuyenda okha, kapena omwe satambasula minofu yawo ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, atha kulumikizana ndi minofu.

KUPewETSA

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi imodzi mwanjira zabwino zochepetsera kapena kupewa mavuto ndi minofu, mafupa, ndi mafupa. Pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi imatha kukuthandizani kuti mukhalebe olimba, osasinthasintha, komanso osinthasintha. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza mafupa kukhalabe olimba.

Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani musanayambe pulogalamu yatsopano.

Ndikofunika kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi chokhala ndi calcium yambiri. Amayi amafunika kukhala osamala kwambiri kuti akhale ndi calcium ndi vitamini D wokwanira akamakalamba. Azimayi ndi abambo omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 70 ayenera kumwa 1,200 mg ya calcium patsiku. Amayi ndi abambo azaka zopitilira 70 ayenera kulandira mayunitsi 800 apadziko lonse lapansi (IU) a vitamini D tsiku lililonse. Ngati muli ndi matenda a kufooka kwa mafupa, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani chithandizo chamankhwala.

NKHANI ZOKHUDZA

• Kusintha kwa ukalamba mmaonekedwe amthupi
• Kusintha kwa ukalamba pakupanga mahomoni
• Kukalamba kumasintha kwa ziwalo, minofu, ndi maselo
• Kukalamba kumasintha kwamanjenje
• Calcium mu zakudya
• Kufooka kwa mafupa

Kufooka kwa mafupa ndi ukalamba; Minofu kufooka komwe kumakhudzana ndi ukalamba; Nyamakazi

• Nyamakazi
• Nyamakazi
• Kufooka kwa mafupa
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kapangidwe ka cholumikizira

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Gregson CL. Kukalamba kwa mafupa ndi olumikizana. Mu: Fillit HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst's Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ndi Gerontology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 20.

Walston JD. Zolemba zofananira zamankhwala zakukalamba. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 22.

Weber TJ. Kufooka kwa mafupa. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 230. US department of Health & Human Services. National Institutes of Health, tsamba la Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamini D: pepala lazidziwitso la akatswiri azaumoyo. ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminD-HealthProfessional. Idasinthidwa pa Seputembara 11, 2020. Idapezeka pa Seputembara 27, 2020.