Katemera wa Hepatitis B - Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa

Zonse zomwe zili pansipa zatengedwa chonse kuchokera ku CDC Hepatitis B Vaccine Information Statement (VIS): www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/hep-b.html

CDC yowunikira zambiri za Hepatitis B VIS:

• Tsamba lomaliza lawunikiridwa: Ogasiti 15, 2019
• Tsamba lasinthidwa komaliza: Ogasiti 15, 2019
• Tsiku lotulutsa VIS: Auguset 15, 2019

1. N'chifukwa chiyani mumalandira katemera?

Katemera wa Hepatitis B chingaletse matenda a chiwindi B. Hepatitis B ndi matenda a chiwindi omwe amatha kuyambitsa matenda ochepa kwa milungu ingapo, kapena atha kudwala matenda aakulu.

• Matenda opatsirana a hepatitis B ndi matenda osakhalitsa omwe angayambitse kutentha thupi, kutopa, kusowa chilakolako chambiri, kunyoza, kusanza, jaundice (khungu lachikaso kapena maso, mkodzo wakuda, matumbo ofiira ofiira), komanso kupweteka kwa minofu, mafupa, ndi m'mimba.
• Matenda a hepatitis B osachiritsika ndi matenda okhalitsa omwe amapezeka pamene kachilombo ka hepatitis B kamakhalabe mthupi la munthu. Anthu ambiri omwe amayamba kudwala matenda otupa chiwindi a mtundu wa B alibe zisonyezo, komabe amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndipo amatha kuwononga chiwindi (cirrhosis), khansa ya chiwindi, ndi imfa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kufalitsa kachilombo ka hepatitis B kwa ena, ngakhale iwowo sakumva kapena kuwoneka odwala.

Hepatitis B imafalikira pamene magazi, umuna, kapena madzi ena amthupi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B alowa mthupi la munthu yemwe alibe kachilomboka. Anthu atha kutenga kachilombo kudzera mu:

• Kubadwa (ngati mayi ali ndi matenda a hepatitis B, mwana wake amatha kutenga kachilomboka)
• Kugawana zinthu monga malezala kapena misuwachi ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka
• Kukhudzana ndi magazi kapena zilonda zotseguka za munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka
• Kugonana ndi wokondedwa
• Kugawana masingano, majakisoni, kapena zida zina zopangira mankhwala
• Kuthana ndi magazi kuchokera pazitsulo zopangira singano kapena zida zina zakuthwa

Anthu ambiri omwe amatemera katemera wa hepatitis B amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi nthawi zonse.

2. Katemera wa Hepatitis B. 

Katemera wa Hepatitis B nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ngati 2, 3, kapena 4 kuwombera.

Makanda ayenera kulandira katemera woyamba wa hepatitis B pobadwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amaliza mndandandawu ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (nthawi zina zimatenga miyezi yopitilira 6 kuti amalize mndandandawu).

Ana ndi achinyamata ochepera zaka 19 omwe sanalandire katemerayu ayeneranso kulandira katemera.

• Katemera wa Hepatitis B amalimbikitsidwanso kwa achikulire ena osatetezedwa:
• Anthu omwe abwenzi awo amagonana ali ndi hepatitis B
• Anthu ogonana omwe sali pachibwenzi chanthawi yayitali
• Anthu omwe amafufuza kapena kulandira chithandizo cha matenda opatsirana pogonana
• Amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna anzawo
• Anthu omwe amagawana masingano, jakisoni, kapena zida zina zopangira mankhwala
• Anthu omwe amakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis B.
• Ogwira ntchito zaumoyo komanso oteteza chitetezo cha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga magazi kapena madzi amthupi
• Nzika ndi ogwira ntchito m'malo a anthu olumala
• Anthu omwe ali m'malo owongolera
• Ozunzidwa kapena kuzunzidwa
• Apaulendo opita kumadera omwe chiwindi cha B chachulukirachulukira
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osachiritsika a chiwindi, matenda a impso, kachilombo ka HIV, matenda a chiwindi C, kapena matenda ashuga
• Aliyense amene akufuna kutetezedwa ku matenda a chiwindi a B

Katemera wa Hepatitis B atha kuperekedwa nthawi yofanana ndi katemera wina.

3. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani. 

Uzani omwe amakupatsani katemera ngati amene akupatsani katemera:

• Ali ndi thupi lawo siligwirizana pambuyo pa katemera wakale wa hepatitis B., kapena ali nayo iliyonse chifuwa chachikulu, chowopseza moyo.

Nthawi zina, wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angaganize zoperekera katemera wa matenda a chiwindi ku ulendo wina.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono, monga chimfine, amatha kulandira katemera. Anthu omwe akudwala pang'ono kapena pang'ono amayenera kudikirira mpaka atachira asanalandire katemera wa hepatitis B.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kukupatsani zambiri.

4. Kuopsa kwa katemera. 

• Zilonda kumene kuwombera kumaperekedwa kapena kutentha thupi kumatha kuchitika katemera wa hepatitis B.

Nthawi zina anthu amakomoka pambuyo pa njira zamankhwala, kuphatikizapo katemera. Uzani wothandizira wanu ngati mukumva chizungulire kapena masomphenya akusintha kapena kulira m'makutu.

Monga mankhwala aliwonse, pali mwayi wotalika kwambiri wa katemera woyambitsa matenda ena, kuvulala kwambiri, kapena kufa.

5. Nanga bwanji ngati pali vuto lalikulu?

Zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake zimatha kupezeka kuti munthu amene watemeredwa katemera achoka kuchipatala. Mukawona zizindikiro zakusokonekera (ming'oma, kutupa kwa nkhope ndi mmero, kupuma movutikira, kugunda kwamtima, chizungulire, kapena kufooka), itanani 9-1-1 ndikumutengera munthu kuchipatala chapafupi.

Kwa zizindikilo zina zomwe zimakukhudzani, pitani kuchipatala.

Zotsatira zoyipa ziyenera kufotokozedwera ku Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu nthawi zambiri amapeleka lipotili, kapena mutha kuzichita nokha. Pitani patsamba la VAERS pa www.vaers.hhs.gov kapena imbani foni 1-800-822-7967. VAERS ndi yongonena za mayankho, ndipo ogwira ntchito ku VAERS samapereka upangiri wazachipatala.

6. Dongosolo La National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. 

Dipatimenti ya National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) ndi pulogalamu yaboma yomwe idapangidwa kuti ipereke ndalama kwa anthu omwe mwina adavulala ndi katemera wina. Pitani patsamba la VICP ku www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation kapena imbani foni 1-800-338-2382 kuti mudziwe za pulogalamuyi komanso za kufotokozera zomwe mukufuna. Pali malire a nthawi yoperekera ndalama zakulipidwa.

7. Ndingatani kuti ndiphunzire zambiri?

• Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu.
• Imbani foni ku dipatimenti yazazaumoyo yanu

Lumikizanani ndi Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):

• Imbani 1-800-232-4636 (1-800-CDC-INFO) kapena
• Pitani pa tsamba la CDC ku www.cdc.gov/vaccines

• Katemera

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Ndemanga za katemera (VIS): Hepatitis B VIS. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statement/hep-b.html. Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 15, 2019. Idapezeka pa Ogasiti 23, 2019.