Matenda wamba a ana

Matenda a nkhawa wamba (GAD) ndimatenda amisala momwe mwana amakhala ndi nkhawa kapena kuda nkhawa ndi zinthu zambiri ndipo zimawavuta kulamulira nkhawa imeneyi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa GAD sizikudziwika. Chibadwa chingatenge gawo. Ana omwe ali ndi achibale omwe ali ndi vuto la nkhawa atha kukhala nawo. Kupsinjika mtima kungakhale gawo lofunikira pakupanga GAD.

Zinthu m'moyo wa mwana zomwe zingayambitse nkhawa ndi nkhawa ndizo:

• Kutayika, monga kumwalira kwa wokondedwa kapena kusudzulana kwa makolo
• Kusintha kwakukulu pamoyo, monga kusamukira m'tawuni yatsopano
• Mbiri ya nkhanza
• Kukhala ndi banja limodzi ndi mamembala omwe ali amantha, amantha, kapena achiwawa

GAD ndizofala, zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi 2% mpaka 6% ya ana. GAD nthawi zambiri sichitha mpaka kutha msinkhu. Amawonekera kwambiri mwa atsikana kuposa anyamata.

Chizindikiro chachikulu ndikumangokhala ndi nkhawa kapena kusokonezeka kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngakhale popanda chifukwa chomveka. Zovuta zimawoneka kuti zimayandama kuchokera pamavuto ena kupita ku linzake. Ana omwe ali ndi nkhawa nthawi zambiri amayang'ana nkhawa zawo pa:

• Kuchita bwino kusukulu ndi masewera. Atha kukhala ndi malingaliro oti akuyenera kuchita bwino kwambiri kapena akumva kuti sakuchita bwino.
• Chitetezo cha iwo eni kapena mabanja awo. Amatha kukhala ndi mantha akulu chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe monga zivomezi, mafunde, kapena nyumba.
• Matenda mwa iwo eni kapena m'mabanja mwawo. Amatha kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono omwe ali nawo kapena amaopa kuyamba matenda ena.

Ngakhale mwana akudziwa kuti nkhawa kapena mantha ndizochulukirapo, mwana yemwe ali ndi GAD amakhalabe ndi vuto lowalamulira. Nthawi zambiri mwana amafunika kumulimbikitsa.

Zizindikiro zina za GAD ndi monga:

• Mavuto okhazikika, kapena malingaliro akusowa kanthu
• Kutopa
• Kukwiya
• Mavuto akugona kapena kugona tulo, kapena kugona komwe kumapumula komanso kosasangalatsa
• Kusakhazikika mukadzuka
• Kusadya kokwanira kapena kudya mopitirira muyeso
• Kupsa mtima
• Njira yosamvera, yamwano, ndi yamwano

Kuyembekezera zoyipa kwambiri, ngakhale palibe chifukwa chomveka chodera nkhawa.

Mwana wanu amathanso kukhala ndi zizindikilo zina monga:

• Kupsyinjika kwa minofu
• Kukhumudwa m'mimba
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kuvuta kupuma
• Kupweteka mutu

Zizindikiro zodandaula zimatha kukhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa mwana. Amatha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mwana agone, adye, komanso azichita bwino kusukulu.

Wosamalira mwana wanu adzafunsa za zizindikiro za mwana wanu. GAD imapezeka potengera mayankho anu komanso a mwana wanu pamafunso awa.

Inu ndi mwana wanu mudzafunsidwanso za thanzi lake lamisala ndi thupi, mavuto kusukulu, kapena machitidwe ake ndi abwenzi komanso abale. Kuyezetsa thupi kapena mayeso a labu atha kuchitidwa kuti athetse zina zomwe zingayambitse zofananira.

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuthandiza mwana wanu kuti azimva bwino ndikugwira bwino ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pazovuta zochepa, mankhwala ochezera kapena mankhwala okhawo atha kukhala othandiza. Pazovuta zazikulu, kuphatikiza izi kungagwire ntchito bwino.

KULANKHULA CHITHANDIZO

Mitundu yambiri yamankhwala oyankhula imatha kukhala yothandiza ku GAD. Njira yodziwika bwino komanso yothandiza yolankhulira ndi chidziwitso-machitidwe othandizira (CBT). CBT imatha kuthandiza mwana wanu kumvetsetsa ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa malingaliro ake, machitidwe ake, ndi zizindikiritso zake. CBT nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo maulendo angapo oyendera. Pa CBT, mwana wanu amatha kuphunzira:

• Mvetsetsani ndikukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika a zopanikizika, monga zochitika pamoyo kapena machitidwe a anthu ena
• Zindikirani ndikusintha malingaliro oyambitsa mantha kuti amuthandize kumva bwino
• Sinthani kupsinjika ndi kupumula pakachitika zizindikiro
• Pewani kuganiza kuti mavuto ang'onoang'ono angadzakhale oopsa

MANKHWALA

Nthawi zina, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi nkhawa mwa ana. Mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti GAD amaphatikizapo antidepressants ndi sedatives. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwakanthawi. Lankhulani ndi wothandizirayo kuti muphunzire zamankhwala a mwana wanu, kuphatikiza zovuta zomwe zingachitike komanso kulumikizana kwanu. Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu amamwa mankhwala aliwonse amene akupatsani.

Momwe mwana amachitira bwino zimadalira momwe matendawa aliri oopsa. Nthawi zina, GAD imatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo imavuta kuchiza. Komabe, ana ambiri amachira ndi mankhwala, chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena zonse ziwiri.

Kukhala ndi vuto la nkhawa kumayika mwana pachiwopsezo cha kukhumudwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Itanani woyang'anira mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa kapena akumva nkhawa, ndipo zimamulepheretsa kuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

GAD - ana; Nkhawa - ana

• Alangizi a magulu othandizira

Bostic JQ, Kalonga JB, Buxton DC. Matenda amisala a ana ndi achinyamata. Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 69.

Calkins AW, Bui E, Taylor CT, Pollack MH, LeBeau RT, Simon NM. Matenda nkhawa. Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 32.

Rosenberg DR, Chiriboga JA. Matenda nkhawa. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 38.