Matenda akulu akulu a 8 komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita

Zamkati

• 1. Wokhazikika Lupus Erythematosus
• 2. Matenda a nyamakazi
• 3. Multiple sclerosis
• 4. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• 5. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• 6. Vitiligo
• 7. Matenda a Sjogren
• 8. Mtundu 1 shuga

Matenda omwe amadzimadzimitsa okha ndi omwe amadziwika ndi momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayankhira thupi lomwelo, momwe maselo athanzi amawonongeka ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa matenda ena monga lupus, nyamakazi, hemolytic anemia ndi matenda a Crohn, mwachitsanzo, zomwe ayenera kuzizindikira ndikuzichitira malinga ndi malangizo a dokotala.

Kuzindikira kwamatenda amthupi nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakuwona zizindikilo zomwe munthuyo amapereka, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi matendawa, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso amthupi, mamolekyulu ndi kuyerekezera.

Matenda akulu omwe amadziwika kuti ndi autoimmune ndi awa:

1. Wokhazikika Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti SLE, ndi matenda omwe amangodziyimira pawokha momwe maselo amthupi amateteza maselo athanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa m'mfundo, maso, impso ndi khungu. Matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawonekera pakukula kwa mwana, choncho, sizachilendo kuti SLE iwoneke mwa odwala achichepere.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za Lupus zimawonekera pakaphulika, ndiye kuti, munthu amakhala ndi nthawi yopanda zizindikiritso ndipo ena ali ndi zizindikilo, ndipo nthawi imeneyi imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza kagwiridwe ka chitetezo cha mthupi kapena zomwe zimakonda kuwonekera pamawonekedwe azachipatala, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kapena kukhala padzuwa nthawi yayitali.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha SLE ndikuwonekera kwa malo ofiira pankhope ngati gulugufe, ndipo pakhoza kukhalanso ndi kupweteka m'malo olumikizana mafupa, kutopa kwambiri komanso kuwonekera kwa zilonda mkamwa ndi mphuno. Pamaso pazizindikirozi, dokotala kapena rheumatologist akuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito a mkodzo ndi magazi omwe amathandizira kumaliza matendawa, komanso kupezeka kwa mapuloteni ambiri mumkodzo, kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi komanso kupezeka kwa autoantibodies kutsimikiziridwa.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo cha SLE chikuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zomwe a rheumatologist kapena wothandizira wamba komanso cholinga chake kuti athetse zizindikilo ndikuziletsa kuti zisamawonekere pafupipafupi, popeza matendawa alibe mankhwala. Chifukwa chake, adotolo amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, corticosteroids ndi ma immunosuppressants.

Mvetsetsani momwe matenda ndi chithandizo cha systemic lupus erythematosus amapangidwira.

2. Matenda a nyamakazi

Matenda a nyamakazi amadziwika ndi kutupa ndi kutupa kwa mafupa chifukwa cha chitetezo cha mthupi motsutsana ndi thupi lomwe. Chifukwa cha nyamakazi sichidziwikiratu, koma akukhulupirira kuti zinthu zina zitha kuthandiza kukula kwa matendawa, monga matenda amtundu wa ma virus kapena mabakiteriya mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za nyamakazi, monga lupus, imatha kuwoneka ndikusowa popanda kufotokozera, chachikulu ndikufiira, kutupa ndi kupweteka palimodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuuma ndi zovuta kusunthira cholumikizira, malungo, kutopa ndi malaise zimawonedwa. Dziwani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za nyamakazi.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo chikuyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi rheumatologist kapena dokotala wamba, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa kuti muchepetse kutupa ndikuchotsa zizindikilo nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti chithandizo chamankhwala chikuchitidwa kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa mayendedwe olowa.

3. Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa myelin sheath, yomwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe amaphimba ma neuron ndipo amalola kufalikira kwamanjenje am'magazi ndi ma chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dongosolo lamanjenje lithandizire.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za multiple sclerosis ndizopitilira patsogolo, ndiye kuti, zimawonjezereka chifukwa dongosolo lamanjenje limakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kufooka kwa minofu, kutopa kwambiri, kugwedeza mikono kapena miyendo, kuyenda movutikira, kusachita bwino m'mimba kapena kukodza, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira, chifukwa Mwachitsanzo. Chifukwa chake, matendawa akamakula, munthuyo amakhala wodalira kwambiri, zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wawo.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo cha multiple sclerosis nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matenda ndikulimbikitsa kupumula kwa zizindikilo, monga mankhwala odana ndi zotupa, ma immunoglobulins ndi corticosteroids. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti munthu azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi kuti minofu igwire ntchito nthawi zonse, motero, kupewetsa kwathunthu kumatha kupewedwa. Onani mu kanema pansipa momwe chithandizo cha physiotherapy cha multiple sclerosis chiyenera kukhalira:

4. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis amadziwika ndi kutukusira kwa chithokomiro chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi cham'magazi am'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chithokomiro chiwonjezeke kapena chizolowezi, chomwe chimatsatiridwa ndi zochitika zochepa, ndikupanga hypothyroidism.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndizofanana ndi za hypothyroidism, ndikutopa kwambiri, kutayika tsitsi, khungu lozizira komanso lotumbululuka, kusalekerera kuzizira, kunenepa mosavuta komanso kupweteka kwa minofu kapena kulumikizana.

Popeza zizindikiritso za Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndizofanana ndi za hypothyroidism, katswiri wazamaphunziro amafunika kuti munthuyo achite mayeso ena omwe amafufuza momwe chithokomiro chimagwirira ntchito kuti atsimikizire matenda amthupi okha, motero, chithandizo choyenera kwambiri chitha kuyambitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, kuyeza kwa T3, T4 ndi TSH kungalimbikitsidwe, kuwonjezera pa muyeso wa chithokomiro antiperoxidase, yotchedwanso anti-TPO, yomwe ndi antibody wopangidwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimakulitsidwa ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Dziwani zambiri za anti-TPO komanso tanthauzo lake mukakhala pamwamba.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo cha Hashimoto's thyroiditis chimangowonetsedwa ndi endocrinologist munthuyo akakhala ndi zizindikilo, pamenepo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthe mahomoni ndi Levothyroxine kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Ndikofunikanso kusamala ndi chakudya, kudya zakudya zokhala ndi ayodini, zinc ndi selenium, mwachitsanzo, zomwe ndi michere yomwe imathandizira kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chithokomiro.

5. Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kupanga ma antibodies omwe amagwira ntchito powononga maselo ofiira am'magazi, ndikupangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi. Kuchepa kwa magazi kotereku kumafala kwambiri mwa achinyamata ndipo sizikudziwika bwinobwino chifukwa chomwe amapangira ma antibodies olimbana ndi maselo ofiira, komabe amakhulupirira kuti kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi matenda ena, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena Kupezeka kwa matenda omwe amadzichiritsira okha kumatha kuthandizira kupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi zimakhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a magazi, hemoglobin ndipo, chifukwa chake, mpweya womwe umazungulira m'magazi, ndi kufooka, kuwonongeka, kusowa kwa njala, kupweteka mutu, misomali yofooka, kulephera kukumbukira, khungu louma komanso vuto.

Ngakhale nthawi zambiri sizotheka kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, ndikofunikira kuti kuyezetsa magazi kumachitika kuti muwone ngati ali ndi matenda kapena zinthu zoyambitsa, monga kuwerengetsa magazi, kuwerengera kwa reticulocyte, kuyeza kwa bilirubin ndi mayeso amthupi, monga mayeso zamoyo zodziwika bwino.

Kodi chithandizo: Mankhwala omwe dokotala akuwawonetsa nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owongolera chitetezo cha mthupi, monga corticosteroids ndi ma immunosuppressants.Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina adotolo amatha kuwonetsa kuchotsedwa kwa ndulu, yotchedwa splenectomy, monga momwe zilili mthupi lino momwe maselo ofiira amafafanizidwa. Mvetsetsani momwe mankhwala a hemolytic anemia amachitikira.

6. Vitiligo

Vitiligo ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma melanocytes, omwe ndi maselo omwe amapanga melanin, chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa khungu. Chifukwa cha vitiligo sichidziwikiratu, komabe nthawi zambiri chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ma melanocytes ndimaselo ake amthupi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo opanga melanin, mawanga oyera amawonekera pakhungu, lomwe ndi mawonekedwe a vitiligo. Mawanga awa amapezeka pafupipafupi m'malo omwe amapezeka padzuwa, monga manja, mikono, nkhope ndi milomo.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo cha vitiligo chiyenera kutsogozedwa ndi dermatologist, popeza munthuyo amafunika kukhala ndi chisamaliro zingapo pakhungu, popeza ndizovuta kwambiri, kuphatikiza pakufunika kupaka mafuta ndi mafuta ndi corticosteroids kapena ma immunosuppressants, kuphatikiza pakufunika kwa phototherapy. .

7. Matenda a Sjogren

Matendawa amadziwika ndi kutulutsa ma autoantibodies omwe amachititsa kuti kutupa kwamthupi kukhale kosalekeza komanso kopitilira muyeso, monga zotsekemera ndi zotsekemera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume ziume.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Monga gland yomwe imathandizira kutulutsa maso ndi pakamwa imakhudzidwa, mwachitsanzo, zizindikilo zazikulu zomwe zimawonedwa ndi maso owuma ndi pakamwa, kuvutika kumeza, kuvutika kuyankhula kwa nthawi yayitali, kuzindikira kuwala, kufiira m'maso ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda.

Matendawa amatha kuchitika kokha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chitetezo chamthupi kapena chifukwa cha matenda ena amthupi, monga nyamakazi, lupus ndi scleroderma. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti adokotala apemphe kusaka ma autoantibodies kuti awone ngati pali matenda enanso ogwirizana ndipo, mwanjira iyi, akuwonetsa chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Kodi chithandizo: Chithandizo chomwe dokotala akuwonetsa ndicholinga chothana ndi zizindikilo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malovu opangira komanso mafuta opaka m'maso, kuphatikiza mankhwala opatsirana ndi zotupa komanso zoteteza ku thupi, zitha kuwonetsedwa. Onani njira zina zamankhwala za Sjogren's syndrome.

8. Mtundu 1 shuga

Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 nawonso ndi matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha, chifukwa zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma cell amthupi kumatenda a pancreatic omwe amachititsa kupanga insulin, osazindikira kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe akuyenda, omwe amachititsa kuti shuga wambiri achuluke magazi magazi. Ndizofala kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata, koma zimatha kuchitika kwa achikulire.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ndizolakalaka kukodza, ludzu lambiri, njala yochulukirapo komanso kuchepa thupi popanda chifukwa.

Ndikofunika kuti adokotala azichita mayeso ena kuphatikiza pa kusala kudya kwa glucose ndi glycated hemoglobin kuti apeze mtundu wa 1 shuga, popeza zizindikilozo ndizofanana ndi mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2. Dziwani kusiyana pakati pa mtundu woyamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga.

Kodi chithandizo: Kwa mtundu uwu wa matenda ashuga, endocrinologist akuyenera kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito insulini m'mayeso angapo masana kapena mawonekedwe apopu, chifukwa kapamba sichitha kupanga insulin. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndizotheka kupitilizabe kuyendetsa magazi m'magazi nthawi zonse.