Matenda 9 ofala a mtima: Zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• 1. Matenda oopsa
• 2. Pachimake m'mnyewa wamtima infarction
• 3. Mtima kulephera
• 4. Matenda amtima obadwa nawo
• 5. Endocarditis
• 6. Matenda a mtima
• 7. Angina
• 8. Myocarditis
• 9. Valvulopathies
• Momwe mungapewere matenda amtima

Matenda amtima ndi mavuto omwe amakhudza mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo amabwera ndi ukalamba, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi zizolowezi zosakhala bwino, monga zakudya zamafuta kwambiri komanso kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mwachitsanzo. Komabe, matenda amtima amathanso kupezeka atabadwa, monganso matenda obadwa nawo amtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda amtima amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, bowa kapena mabakiteriya, omwe amayambitsa kutupa kwa mtima, monga vuto la endocarditis ndi myocarditis.

Ndikofunikira kuti matenda amtima azichiritsidwa moyenera chifukwa, kuwonjezera pakupangitsa zizindikilo zosasangalatsa, monga kupuma movutikira, kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kutupa mthupi, ndizonso zimayambitsa imfa padziko lapansi. Onani zizindikiro 11 zomwe zitha kuwonetsa mavuto amtima.

1. Matenda oopsa

Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, nthawi zambiri kuposa 130 x 80 mmHg, komwe kumatha kukhudza magwiridwe antchito amtima. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha ukalamba, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kunenepa kwambiri kapena kumwa mchere mopitirira muyeso, mwachitsanzo, matenda oopsa amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika zina, monga matenda ashuga kapena matenda a impso.

Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi sikumayambitsa zizindikiro, koma nthawi zina kumatha kuzindikirika kudzera mwa ena mwa iwo, monga chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, kusintha masomphenya ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, mwachitsanzo. Phunzirani momwe mungadziwire matenda oopsa.

Chithandizo: tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizitsata matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi asing'anga kapena a cardiologist, chifukwa kungakhale kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kuwonjezera pa zakudya zamchere zochepa.

Ndikofunikanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kupewa kusuta, kumwa osachepera 2 malita amadzi patsiku ndikuwunika kukakamizidwa pafupipafupi. Ngati kupanikizako kukukhalabe kwakukulu ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo chamankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubwerere kwa katswiri wa zamaphunziro a mtima kuti apange kuwunika kwatsopano ndi mankhwala omwe asinthidwa.

2. Pachimake m'mnyewa wamtima infarction

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), kapena matenda amtima, zimachitika chifukwa chakusokonekera kwa magazi kumafika pamtima, nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakupeza kwamafuta m'mitsempha yamtima. Chizindikiro chodziwika kwambiri chodwala kwamtima ndikumva kuwawa kwambiri pachifuwa komwe kumatha kutuluka m'manja, koma pakhoza kukhalanso chizungulire, thukuta lozizira komanso malaise.

Chithandizo: pakaganiziridwa kuti ndi infarction, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikalandire chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu kuti mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa mapangidwe a magazi kuundana ndi kuyambitsa magazi ayambike. Nthawi zina, angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni mwadzidzidzi. Mvetsetsani momwe chithandizo cha infarction chikuchitikira.

Mukalandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo azachipatala, kumwa mankhwala omwe mwalandira nthawi zonse ndikukhala ndi zizolowezi zabwino, monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse komanso kudya zakudya zopanda mafuta komanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba.

3. Mtima kulephera

Kulephera kwa mtima kumakhala kofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kufooka kwa minofu yamtima ndipo, chifukwa chake, kumavuta kupopera magazi mthupi. Zizindikiro zazikulu zokhudzana ndi kulephera kwa mtima ndikutopa kwapang'onopang'ono, kutupa m'miyendo ndi m'mapazi, chifuwa chouma usiku komanso kupuma movutikira.

Chithandizo: iyenera kuwonetsedwa ndi katswiri wa zamatenda, koma nthawi zambiri amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kupanikizika, monga Enalapril ndi Lisinopril, mwachitsanzo, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi okodzetsa, monga Furosemide. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumalimbikitsidwa, mukawonetsedwa moyenera ndi katswiri wanu wamtima, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere, kuwongolera kupsyinjika, motero, kupewa kuwumitsa mtima.

4. Matenda amtima obadwa nawo

Matenda amtima obadwa nawo ndi omwe mtima umasintha pakukula ngakhale atakhala ndi pakati, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito amtima omwe abadwa kale ndi mwana. Matenda amtimawa amatha kudziwika ngakhale m'mimba mwa amayi, pogwiritsa ntchito ultrasound ndi echocardiography ndipo amatha kukhala ofatsa kapena owopsa. Dziwani mitundu yayikulu yamatenda obadwa nawo amtima.

Chithandizo: zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuuma kwake, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti, ngati munthu ali ndi matenda obadwa nawo obadwa nawo, kuti achite opaleshoni kapena kumuika mtima mchaka choyamba cha moyo. Pankhani ya matenda ofatsa a mtima, amalandira chithandizo ndi cholinga chothanirana ndi matenda, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okodzetsa ndi beta-blockers kumatha kuwonetsedwa ndi katswiri wamatenda, mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima.

5. Endocarditis

Endocarditis ndikutupa kwa minofu yomwe imayendetsa mtima mkati ndipo nthawi zambiri imayambitsidwa ndi matenda, nthawi zambiri ndi bowa kapena mabakiteriya. Ngakhale matendawa ndi omwe amachititsa endocarditis, matendawa amathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ena, monga khansa, rheumatic fever kapena matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha.

Zizindikiro za endocarditis zimawoneka pakapita nthawi, ndi malungo osalekeza, thukuta kwambiri, khungu lotumbululuka, kupweteka kwa minofu, kutsokomola kosalekeza komanso kupuma movutikira. Pazovuta zazikulu, kupezeka kwa magazi mumkodzo komanso kuchepa thupi kumawonekeranso.

Chithandizo: Njira yayikulu yothandizira endocarditis ndikugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matendawa, ndipo chithandizocho chikuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malangizo a katswiri wa zamatenda. Kuphatikiza apo, kungakhale kofunikira kusintha valavu yomwe yakhudzidwa.

6. Matenda a mtima

Mtima arrhythmia umafanana ndi kusintha kwa kugunda kwa mtima, komwe kumatha kupangitsa kumenya mwachangu kapena pang'onopang'ono, kumabweretsa zizindikilo monga kutopa, pallor, kupweteka pachifuwa, thukuta lozizira komanso kupuma pang'ono, mwachitsanzo.

Chithandizo: imasiyanasiyana kutengera zisonyezo zomwe zimaperekedwa, koma cholinga chake ndikulamulira kugunda kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga Propafenone kapena Sotalol, mwachitsanzo, defibrillation, pacemaker implantation kapena opaleshoni ya ablation atha kuwonetsedwa. Mvetsetsani momwe chithandizo cha mtima wamankhwala chimachitikira.

Ndikofunikanso kupewa kumwa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakumwa ndi caffeine, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa amatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito amtima, kuphatikiza pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi chakudya chamagulu.

Wathu Podcast, Dr. Ricardo Alckmin, Purezidenti wa Brazilian Society of Cardiology, akuwunikira kukayikira kwakukulu pamatenda amtima:

7. Angina

Angina amafanana ndi kumverera kwa kulemera, kupweteka kapena kukanika pachifuwa ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachitika pakachepetsa magazi kutuluka mumtima, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu opitilira 50, omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga kapena omwe ali ndi zizolowezi moyo wopanda thanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kusokonekera kwa magazi chifukwa chodzikundikira kwamafuta mumitsuko. Dziwani mitundu yayikulu ya angina.

Chithandizo: ayenera kutsogozedwa ndi katswiri wamatenda molingana ndi mtundu wa angina, ndikupumula kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse zizindikilo, kukonza magazi, kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikuletsa mapangidwe a kuundana kungalimbikitsidwe.

8. Myocarditis

Myocarditis ndikutupa kwa minofu yamtima yomwe imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda omwe amapezeka mthupi, omwe amatha kuchitika panthawi yomwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena pakakhala matenda opitilira muyeso a bowa kapena mabakiteriya. Kutupa uku kumatha kubweretsa zizindikilo zingapo pamavuto owopsa, monga kupweteka pachifuwa, kugunda kwamtima mosalekeza, kutopa kwambiri, kupuma movutikira komanso kutupa miyendo, mwachitsanzo.

Chithandizo: Nthawi zambiri myocarditis imathetsedwa pamene matenda amachiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki, ma antifungals kapena ma antivirals, komabe ngati myocarditis imapitilira ngakhale atachiza matendawa, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi akatswiri azachipatala kuti ayambe chithandizo chapadera, chomwe chingakhale mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepetsa kutupa ndikuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima wanu.

9. Valvulopathies

Ma Valvulopathies, omwe amatchedwanso matenda a valavu yamtima, amawonekera pafupipafupi mwa amuna azaka zopitilira 65 ndi akazi azaka zopitilira 75 ndipo zimachitika chifukwa chakuchulukana kwa calcium m'mitima ya mtima, kulepheretsa magazi kuyenda chifukwa chouma kwawo.

Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za valvulopathy zimatha kutenga nthawi kuti ziwonekere, komabe zizindikilo zina zomwe zitha kuwonetsa zovuta m'matumba amtima ndizopweteka pachifuwa, kung'ung'uza mtima, kutopa kwambiri, kupuma pang'ono ndi kutupa m'miyendo ndi mapazi, mwachitsanzo.

Chithandizo: zimachitika molingana ndi valavu yomwe idakhudzidwa komanso kuchuluka kwa kufooka kwake, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okodzetsa, opatsirana pang'ono kapena ngakhale kusinthanitsa kwa valavu kudzera mu opaleshoni kumatha kuwonetsedwa.

Momwe mungapewere matenda amtima

Malangizo ena omwe amathandiza kupewa chitukuko cha matenda amtima ndi awa:

• Lekani kusuta;
• Chepetsani kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta m'magazi;
• Khalani ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, pewani mafuta ndikudya masamba ambiri, zipatso ndi chimanga;
• Yesetsani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, osachepera 30-60 mphindi, 3-5 pa sabata;
• Pewani kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa;

Kuphatikiza apo, kwa anthu onenepa kwambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse thupi, chifukwa zimatsimikiziridwa kuti kudzikundikira kwamafuta kumavulaza thanzi lamtima.Onaninso malangizo kwa katswiri wazakudya momwe mungapangire zakudya zopatsa thanzi kuti muchepetse kunenepa.