Kumvetsetsa Zizindikiro za Extrapyramidal ndi Mankhwala Omwe Amayambitsa

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za extrapyramidal ndi ziti?
• Akathisia
• Dystonia yabwino
• Parkinsonism
• Matenda oopsa a Neuroleptic (NMS)
• Tardive dyskinesia
• Mitundu yama tardive dyskinesia
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa zizindikiro za extrapyramidal?
• Kodi matenda a extrapyramidal amapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi zizindikiro za extrapyramidal zimathandizidwa bwanji?
• Mfundo yofunika

Zizindikiro za Extrapyramidal, zomwe zimatchedwanso kusokonezeka kwa mayendedwe osokoneza bongo, fotokozani zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana ndi mankhwala ena. Zotsatirazi zikuphatikizapo:

• mayendedwe osagwira kapena osalamulirika
• kunjenjemera
• kupweteka kwa minofu

Zizindikiro zitha kukhala zovuta mokwanira kukhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku popanga zovuta kuyenda, kulumikizana ndi ena, kapena kusamalira ntchito zanu zachizolowezi kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena kunyumba.

Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimathandiza, koma zizindikiro zina zimatha. Nthawi zambiri, mukalandira chithandizo mwachangu, bwino.

Pemphani kuti mudziwe zambiri zamatenda a extrapyramidal, kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe angawayambitse komanso momwe amawapezera ndi kuwachiritsira.

Zizindikiro za extrapyramidal ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kupezeka mwa akulu ndi ana ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kuyamba mutangoyamba kumwa mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri amawonetsa maola ochepa mutadwala koyamba koma amatha kuwonekera nthawi iliyonse m'masabata angapo oyamba.

Kusintha kwa nthawi kumadalira pazotsatira zina. Zizindikiro zochedwa zitha kuchitika mutakhala kuti mwamwa mankhwalawa kwakanthawi.

Akathisia

Ndi akathisia, mutha kukhala opanda nkhawa kapena wamavuto ndipo mumakhala ndi chidwi chosuntha. Kwa ana, izi zitha kuwoneka ngati kusapeza bwino, kusakhazikika, nkhawa, kapena kukwiya. Mutha kuwona kuti kupondaponda, kugwedeza miyendo yanu, kugwedeza mapazi anu, kapena kupukuta nkhope yanu kumathandiza kuchepetsa kusakhazikika.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti chiwopsezo cha akathisia chimawonjezeka ndi mankhwala apamwamba. Zizindikiro za Akathisia zakhala zikugwirizananso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha vuto lina lotchedwa tardive dyskinesia.

Kulikonse kwa anthu omwe amamwa ma antipsychotic atha kukhala akathisia.

Mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo beta-blockers, atha kuthandizira kuthetsa zizindikilo. Kuchepetsa mankhwala a antipsychotic kungathenso kusintha.

Dystonia yabwino

Kusintha kwa Dystonic ndikumangika kwa minofu mosachita kufuna. Kusuntha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumangobwereza bwereza ndipo kumatha kuphatikizira kupindika m'maso kapena kuphethira, kupindika mutu, kutulutsa lilime, ndi kutulutsa khosi, pakati pa ena.

Kusuntha kumatha kukhala kochepa kwambiri, koma kumakhudzanso momwe mungakhalire kapena kuumitsa minofu yanu kwakanthawi. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mutu ndi khosi lanu, ngakhale zimatha kuchitika mbali zina za thupi lanu.

Dystonia imatha kuyambitsa kuwuma kwa minofu komanso kusapeza bwino. Muthanso kubanika kapena kupuma movutikira ngati zomwe zimachitika zimakhudza minofu yapakhosi panu.

Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kulikonse pakati pa anthu omwe amamwa ma antipsychotic amakhala ndi dystonia yovuta, ngakhale ndizofala kwambiri kwa ana komanso achikulire.

Nthawi zambiri zimayamba mkati mwa maola 48 mutayamba kumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana koma nthawi zambiri zimachira ndi chithandizo chamankhwala. Kuchepetsa mankhwala a antipsychotic kungathandize. Zochita za Dystonic zitha kuthandizidwanso ndi ma antihistamines ndi mankhwala omwe amachiza matenda a Parkinson.

Parkinsonism

Parkinsonism imalongosola zizindikilo zomwe zimafanana ndi matenda a Parkinson. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndi minofu yolimba m'manja mwanu. Muthanso kukhala ndi kunjenjemera, kuchuluka kwa malovu, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono, kapena kusintha kwa momwe mukukhalira kapena kuyenda.

Pakati pa anthu omwe amamwa ma antipsychotic amakhala ndi zisonyezo za Parkinsonia. Amayamba pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri m'masiku ochepa mutayamba kumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Mlingo wanu ungakhudze ngati zotsatirazi zikukula.

Zizindikiro zimasiyana mwamphamvu, koma zimatha kukhudza kuyenda ndi magwiridwe antchito. Amatha kupita patokha munthawi yake, koma amathanso kuthandizidwa.

Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa mlingo kapena kuyesa mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Parkinson amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda.

Matenda oopsa a Neuroleptic (NMS)

Izi ndizochepa, koma zowopsa kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimakhala minofu yolimba ndi malungo, kenako kugona kapena kusokonezeka. Mwinanso mutha kugwidwa, ndipo dongosolo lanu lamanjenje lingakhudzidwe. Zizindikiro zimawoneka nthawi yomweyo, nthawi zambiri patangopita maola ochepa mutayamba kumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri sangakhale ndi NMS. Vutoli limatha kubweretsa chikomokere, kulephera kwa impso, ndi kufa. Kawirikawiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyambitsa antipsychotic, koma amathandizidwanso kuti asiye mwadzidzidzi kapena kusintha mankhwala.

Kuchiza kumaphatikizapo kuyimitsa antipsychotic nthawi yomweyo ndikupereka chithandizo chothandizira kuchipatala. Ndi chithandizo chamsangamsanga, kuchira kwathunthu kumatheka, ngakhale kumatha kutenga milungu iwiri kapena kupitilira apo.

Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia ndi chizindikiritso chakumapeto kwa extrapyramidal. Zimaphatikizaponso kubwereza nkhope mosasamala, monga kupindika lilime, kutafuna ndi kugwiranagwirana milomo, kupupa masaya, ndi kugundika. Mwinanso mutha kusintha kayendetsedwe kake, kusuntha kwa miyendo, kapena kunjenjemera.

Nthawi zambiri sichimakula mpaka mutamwa mankhwalawa kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Zizindikiro zimatha kupitilirabe mosasamala kanthu za chithandizo. Amayi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatirazi. Ukalamba ndi matenda ashuga zimawonjezera chiopsezo, monganso zisonyezo za schizophrenia kapena zizindikilo zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito.

Pakati pa anthu omwe amatenga mankhwala opatsirana pogonana oyamba, mpaka pafupifupi atha kukhala ndi zotsatirazi.

Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo kuyimitsa mankhwalawo, kutsitsa mlingo, kapena kusintha mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo, Clozapine itha kuthandizira kuthetsa tardive dyskinesia. Kukondoweza kwa ubongo kumawonetsanso lonjezo ngati chithandizo.

Mitundu yama tardive dyskinesia

• Tardive dystonia. Subtype iyi ndi yolimba kwambiri kuposa dystonia yovuta ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhudza kupindika pang'onopang'ono mthupi, monga kuwonjezera khosi kapena torso.
• Kulimbikira kapena matenda akathisia. Izi zikutanthauza zizindikiro za akathisia, monga kuyenda kwa mwendo, kusuntha kwa mkono, kapena kugwedezeka, komwe kumakhala kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo pamene mukumwa mankhwala omwewo.

Zonsezi zimayambanso pambuyo pake ndipo zimatha kupitilirabe ngakhale atalandira chithandizo, koma mitundu ya mayendedwe omwe amakhudzana ndi zizindikirazi amasiyana.

Ana omwe amasiya kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi amathanso kuchotsedwa ma dyskinesias. Kusuntha kozungulira ndi kobwerezabwereza kumene kumawoneka m'mimba, m'khosi, ndi miyendo.Nthawi zambiri amadzichitira okha milungu ingapo, koma kuyambiranso mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa pang'ono mlingo kumathandizanso kuchepetsa zizindikilo.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa zizindikiro za extrapyramidal?

Dongosolo lanu la extrapyramidal ndi netiweki yaubongo muubongo wanu yomwe imathandizira kuwongolera kuyendetsa magalimoto ndi kulumikizana. Zimaphatikizapo basal ganglia, gulu lofunikira pamagalimoto. Basal ganglia imafuna dopamine kuti igwire bwino ntchito.

Maantipsychotic amathandizira kukonza zizindikilo pomangiriza ma dopamine receptors m'katikati mwa manjenje anu ndikuletsa dopamine. Izi zitha kulepheretsa basal ganglia kupeza dopamine yokwanira. Zizindikiro za Extrapyramidal zimatha kukula.

Ma antipsychotic am'badwo woyamba nthawi zambiri amayambitsa zizindikilo za extrapyramidal. Ndi ma antipsychotic am'badwo wachiwiri, zovuta zimayamba kupezeka pamitengo yotsika. Mankhwalawa samakonda kwenikweni ma dopamine receptors ndipo amamanga momasuka ndikuletsa ma serotonin receptors.

Ma antipsychotic am'badwo woyamba ndi awa:

• mankhwala enaake
• haloperidol
• kutchfuneralhome
• thioridazine
• trifluoperazine
• perphenazine
• phulusa
• fluphenazine

Ma antipsychotic am'badwo wachiwiri ndi awa:

• clozapine
• alireza
• olanzapine
• quetiapine
• paliperidone
• alireza
• kutuloji

Kodi matenda a extrapyramidal amapezeka bwanji?

Ndikofunika kusamala ndi izi ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukumwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala nthawi zina zimafanana ndi zizindikilo zomwe mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, koma adotolo amatha kuthandizira kuzindikira zizindikilo.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kukufunsani inu kapena wachibale wanu za matenda anu. Atha kuwona zovuta zomwe mukukumana nazo poyenda kapena kulumikizana mukamayendera ofesi.

Angagwiritsenso ntchito muyeso wowunika, monga Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) kapena Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS). Masikelowa amatha kupereka zambiri pazizindikiro zanu komanso kuopsa kwake.

Kodi zizindikiro za extrapyramidal zimathandizidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha zizindikiro za extrapyramidal chingakhale chovuta. Mankhwala amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimakhudza anthu mosiyanasiyana. Palibe njira yolosera momwe mungachitire.

Kawirikawiri njira yokhayo yothandizira ndikuyesa mankhwala osiyanasiyana kapena kuchepa kwa mankhwala kuti muwone omwe amapereka mpumulo wambiri ndi zovuta zochepa. Kutengera ndi zizindikilo zanu, mutha kupatsidwanso mtundu wina wa mankhwala pamodzi ndi antipsychotic yanu kuti muwathandize.

Simuyenera kusintha kapena kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala anu popanda chitsogozo cha omwe amakuthandizani.

Kusintha mlingo wanu kapena mankhwala kungayambitse zizindikiro zina. Dziwani ndi kutchula zovuta zilizonse zosafunikira kapena zosasangalatsa kwa dokotala wanu.

Ngati mwapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa matenda opatsirana pogonana, uzani dokotala kapena wothandizira ngati mutayamba kukhala ndi zizindikilo za psychosis kapena zizindikilo zina zomwe mankhwala anu akuyenera kuchiza.

Ngati mutayamba kukhala ndi malingaliro, zonyenga, kapena zizindikilo zina zopweteka, pezani thandizo nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikirozi zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo chodzipweteka nokha kapena munthu wina, motero dokotala angafune kuyesa njira ina yothandizira.

Zitha kuthandizira kuyankhula ndi wothandizira ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa cha zizindikiro za extrapyramidal. Therapy sichitha kuthana ndi zovuta mwachindunji, koma wothandizira akhoza kukupatsani chithandizo ndi njira zothanirana ndi zomwe zimakhudza moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku kapena zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto.

Mfundo yofunika

Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za extrapyramidal sizingakukhudzeni kwambiri. Nthawi zina, zitha kukhala zopweteka kapena zosasangalatsa. Zitha kusokoneza moyo wabwino ndikuthandizira kukhumudwa komanso kupsinjika.

Ngati muli ndi zovuta, mutha kusankha kusiya kumwa mankhwala kuti awapulumutse, koma izi zitha kukhala zowopsa. Mukasiya kumwa mankhwala anu, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa. Ndikofunika kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala anu monga mwalembedwera mpaka mutalankhula ndi dokotala.

Mukayamba kukhala ndi zovuta zina mukamamwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, kambiranani ndi dokotala posachedwa. Nthawi zina, amatha kukhala okhazikika, koma chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimabweretsa kusintha.