Diso Freckle

Zamkati

• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti diso lisokonezeke?
• Conjunctival nevus
• Iris nevus
• Choroidal nevus
• Ndi zizindikiro zina ziti zomwe zimatsatana ndi diso?
• Kodi madontho a diso angayambitse zovuta?
• Kodi ziphuphu zamaso zimafunikira chithandizo?
• Kodi chiyembekezo chododometsa ndi chiyani?

Chidule

Mwinamwake mumadziwana ndi ziphuphu pakhungu lanu, koma kodi mumadziwa kuti mutha kupezanso timadontho m'diso lanu? Madontho a diso amatchedwa nevus ("nevi" ndi ambiri), ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamawangamawanga imatha kupezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a diso.

Ngakhale nthawi zambiri sizowopsa, amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala chifukwa pali mwayi wochepa woti atha kukhala khansa yotchedwa melanoma.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti diso lisokonezeke?

Pali mitundu ingapo yamawonekedwe amaso. Ndikofunika kuti madontho akuyesedwe ndi dokotala wa diso kuti awonetsetse kuti ali ndi matenda oyenera komanso kukonzekera chithandizo chamankhwala.

Ngakhale mutha kubadwa muli ndi diso lankhanza, mutha kulikulanso pambuyo pake m'moyo. Monga momwe zimakhalira pakhungu, izi zimayambitsidwa ndi ma melanocytes (maselo okhala ndi pigment) omwe amaphatikizana palimodzi.

Conjunctival nevus

Conjunctival nevus ndi chotupa chamitundu yoyera pambali yoyera ya diso, chotchedwa conjunctiva. Nevi izi zimapanga theka la zotupa zilizonse zolumikizana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ali mwana.

Iris nevus

Diso likakhala pa iris (gawo lamtundu wa diso), limatchedwa iris nevus. Pafupifupi 6 mwa anthu 10 ali ndi imodzi.

Kafukufuku waphatikizira kuwonjezeka kwa dzuwa pakupanga iris nevi yatsopano, koma maphunziro ena akuyenera kuchitidwa. Nthawi zonse amakhala osalala ndipo saika chiopsezo chilichonse. Izi ndizosiyana ndi misala yomwe idakwezedwa pa iris kapena iris melanoma.

Choroidal nevus

Dokotala atakuwuzani kuti muli ndi chotupa cha diso chomwe chikuyenera kutsatiridwa, mwina akutanthauza choroidal nevus. Ichi ndi chotupa chokhala ndi nkhungu chofewa chomwe chimakhala chosaopsa (chosasokoneza khansa) ndipo chimakhala kumbuyo kwa diso.

Malinga ndi Ocular Melanoma Foundation, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 10 ali ndi vutoli, komwe kumakhala kusungunuka kwa maselo amitundu. Ngakhale kuti nevi ya choroidal nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda khansa, pali kuthekera kochepa komwe kumatha kukhala ndi khansa, ndichifukwa chake amafunika kutsatira dokotala.

Ndi zizindikiro zina ziti zomwe zimatsatana ndi diso?

Conjunctival nevi nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati mbali yoyera pagulu loyera, popanda zisonyezo zina. Amakonda kukhala okhazikika, koma amatha kusintha mtundu pakapita nthawi, makamaka panthawi yakutha msinkhu kapena mimba.

Mtundu wakuda ungakhale wolakwika pakukula, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti nevi yamtunduwu iyang'anitsidwe kwambiri.

Iris nevi nthawi zambiri imatha kuwoneka kudzera mayeso amaso, makamaka ngati muli ndi iris yakuda. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi maso abuluu ndipo zimawoneka mosavuta mwa anthuwa.

Choroidal nevi nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda tanthauzo, ngakhale imatha kutulutsa madzi kapena kutsagana ndi kukula kwa chotengera chamagazi.

Nthawi zina izi zimachititsa kuti diso lisasinthike kapena kutaya masomphenya, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuwunika mitundu iyi ya nevi. Chifukwa sizimayambitsa zizindikilo, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka panthawi yoyezetsa ndalama.

Kodi madontho a diso angayambitse zovuta?

Ngakhale madontho ambiri amaso amakhalabe opanda khansa, ndikofunikira kuti dokotala wa maso awayang'anire. Pali mwayi wawung'ono woti atha kukhala khansa ya m'maso. Mukazindikira kuti neus ayamba kusintha, atha kuchiritsidwa - asadasanduke chinthu chowopsa kwambiri.

Kuyang'anitsitsa ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muzindikire kusintha kulikonse kwa khansa ndikupeza metastasis koyambirira. Dokotala wanu wamaso ayenera kuyesa nevus miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka 12 iliyonse, akuwona kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake, komanso ngati pali kukwera kulikonse.

Nthawi zambiri, zotupa zina zimatha kulengeza zina. Kukhala ndi zotupa zamiyala pamayeso a fundoscopic m'maso onsewa zitha kuwonetsa vuto lotchedwa congenital hypertrophy ya retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), yomwe siyodziwika bwino. Ngati CHRPE ili m'maso onse, ichi chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha cholowa chotchedwa banja adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

FAP ndiyosowa kwambiri. Zimayambitsa 1 peresenti ya khansa yatsopano yamtundu uliwonse pachaka. Ngakhale ndizosowa, anthu omwe ali ndi FAP ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi khansa yamtundu wazaka 40 pofika zaka 40 ngati coloni yawo siyichotsedwa.

Ngati dokotala wamaso atazindikira kuti ndi CHRPE, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuopsa ndi maubwino oyesedwa.

Angakulimbikitseni kuti mukaone katswiri kuti mukambirane zomwe mungasankhe.

Kodi ziphuphu zamaso zimafunikira chithandizo?

Matenda ambiri amaso amakhala owopsa, koma ngati muli nawo, amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi dotolo wamaso omwe amayesedwa pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka chaka, kuti alembe kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi kusintha kwamtundu uliwonse.

Ngakhale pali mayanjano pakati pa nevi (makamaka choroidal ndi iris) ndi kuwala kwa UV, kafukufuku wina akuyenera kuchitidwa kuti afotokozere gawo la womaliza. Komabe, kuvala magalasi otetezera panja kumathandizira kuchepetsa mavuto azovuta ndi nevi.

Ngati nevus iyenera kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha zovuta zilizonse, khansa ya khansa, kapena kukayikira kwa khansa ya khansa, izi zimachitika ndi opaleshoni. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, kuthekera kwakomweko (pogwiritsa ntchito tsamba laling'ono kwambiri) kapena argon laser photoablation (kugwiritsa ntchito laser kuchotsa minofu) ndizotheka.

Kodi chiyembekezo chododometsa ndi chiyani?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la diso, izi sizoyenera kuda nkhawa. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimawoneka pamayeso amaso, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi.

Matendawa akangopezeka, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yofufuzira chifukwa imayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti mupewe zovuta zilizonse.

Ngati muli ndi zotupa m'maso, funsani dokotala wanu za CHRPE ndi FAP kuti awone zomwe angakulimbikitseni.