Kuika Impso

Zamkati

• Kodi kumuika impso ndi chiyani?
• Ndani angafunikire kumuika impso?
• Ndani amapereka impso?
• Opereka amoyo
• Othandizira omwalira
• Njira yofananira
• Kodi kumuika impso kumachitika bwanji?
• Pambuyo pa chisamaliro
• Kodi kuopsa koumba impso ndi chiani?
• Zowopsa zomwe zingachitike

Kodi kumuika impso ndi chiyani?

Kuika impso ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe yachitika kuti athane ndi impso. Impso zimasefa zinyalala m'magazi ndikuzichotsa mthupi kudzera mumkodzo wanu. Amathandizanso kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi madzi amadzimadzi komanso ma electrolyte. Ngati impso zasiya kugwira ntchito, zinyalala zimakulanso mthupi lanu ndipo zimatha kudwalitsa kwambiri.

Anthu omwe impso zawo zalephera nthawi zambiri amalandira chithandizo chotchedwa dialysis. Mankhwalawa amasefa zinyalala zomwe zimakumba m'magazi impso zikaleka kugwira ntchito.

Anthu ena omwe impso zawo zalephera amatha kuyatsidwa impso. Pochita izi, impso imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zimalowetsedwa ndi impso zopereka kuchokera kwa munthu wamoyo kapena wakufa.

Pali zabwino ndi zoyipa kwa dialysis komanso impso zosintha.

Kuchita dialysis kumatenga nthawi ndipo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri. Dialysis nthawi zambiri imafunika kupita maulendo opita pafupipafupi kuchipatala cha dialysis kukalandira chithandizo. Pachipatala cha dialysis, magazi anu amayeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina a dialysis.

Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi dialysis kunyumba kwanu, muyenera kugula zopangira dialysis ndikuphunzira momwe mungazigwiritsire ntchito.

Kuika kwa impso kumatha kukupulumutsani ku kudalira kwakanthawi pamakina a dialysis komanso dongosolo lomwe limayendera limodzi. Izi zitha kukulolani kuti mukhale moyo wachangu kwambiri. Komabe, kusintha kwa impso sikokwanira kwa aliyense. Izi zikuphatikiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana komanso omwe ali onenepa kwambiri.

Pakumuika impso, dotolo wanu amatenga impso zoperekedwa ndikuziyika m'thupi lanu. Ngakhale mutabadwa ndi impso ziwiri, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndi impso imodzi yokha yogwira ntchito. Mukatha kumuika, muyenera kumwa mankhwala opondereza chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chisaukire chiwalo chatsopanocho.

Ndani angafunikire kumuika impso?

Kuika impso kungakhale kosankha ngati impso zanu zasiya kugwira ntchito kwathunthu. Matendawa amatchedwa matenda omaliza a renal (ESRD) kapena matenda a impso otsiriza (ESKD). Mukafika pano, dokotala wanu ayenera kuti akupatseni dialysis.

Kuphatikiza pa kukupatsani dialysis, dokotala wanu angakuuzeni ngati akuganiza kuti ndinu woyenera kupatsirana impso.

Muyenera kukhala athanzi mokwanira kuti muchitidwe opareshoni yayikulu ndikulekerera mankhwala okhwima, amoyo wamankhwala mutatha opareshoni kuti mukhale woyenera kubzala. Muyeneranso kukhala okonzeka komanso okhoza kutsatira malangizo onse ochokera kwa dokotala ndikumwa mankhwala anu pafupipafupi.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu lachipatala, kumuika impso kungakhale koopsa kapena kosatheka kuti muchite bwino. Zinthu zovuta izi ndi izi:

• khansa, kapena mbiri yaposachedwa ya khansa
• Matenda akulu, monga chifuwa chachikulu, mafupa, kapena hepatitis
• matenda akulu amtima
• matenda a chiwindi

Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseninso kuti musakhale ndi choika ngati mungachite izi:

• kusuta
• imwani mowa mopitirira muyeso
• Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Ngati dokotala akuganiza kuti ndinu woyenera kumuika munthu ndipo mukusangalatsidwa ndi njirayi, muyenera kuyesedwa pamalo opatsirana.

Kuwunika kumeneku kumaphatikizaponso maulendo angapo kukayang'ana momwe thupi lanu lilili, malingaliro anu, komanso banja lanu. Madokotala apakati adzayesa magazi anu ndi mkodzo. Adzakupatsaninso mayeso athupi lathunthu kuti mutsimikizire kuti muli ndi thanzi lokwanira kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Katswiri wazamisala komanso wogwira nawo ntchito adzakumananso nanu kuti atsimikizire kuti mumatha kumvetsetsa ndikutsatira njira zovuta zochiritsira. Wogwira ntchitoyo adzaonetsetsa kuti mutha kukwanitsa ndondomekoyi komanso kuti mudzalandira chithandizo chokwanira mutatuluka kuchipatala.

Ngati mukuvomerezedwa kumuika, mwina wina m'banjamo atha kupereka impso kapena mudzaikidwa pamndandanda woyembekezera ndi Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Zomwe amayembekezera munthu wopereka wakufa zimatha zaka zisanu.

Ndani amapereka impso?

Opereka impso atha kukhala amoyo kapena akufa.

Opereka amoyo

Chifukwa thupi limatha kugwira bwino ntchito ndi impso imodzi yathanzi, wachibale wokhala ndi impso ziwiri zathanzi angasankhe kukupatsirani imodzi.

Ngati magazi ndi ziwalo zamagulu am'banja mwanu zikufanana ndi magazi anu ndi minofu yanu, mutha kukonza ndalamazo.

Kulandira impso kuchokera kwa achibale anu ndi njira yabwino. Zimachepetsa chiopsezo kuti thupi lanu likana impso, ndipo zimakuthandizani kudutsa mndandanda wazaka zambiri kudikirira wopereka wakufa.

Othandizira omwalira

Othandizira omwe amwalira amatchedwanso opereka ma cadaver. Awa ndi anthu omwe amwalira, nthawi zambiri chifukwa changozi osati matenda. Mwina woperekayo kapena banja lawo asankha kupereka ziwalo zawo ndi matupi awo.

Thupi lanu limatha kukana impso kuchokera kwa omwe amapereka osagwirizana. Komabe, limba la cadaver ndi njira ina yabwino ngati mulibe wachibale kapena mnzanu yemwe ali wofunitsitsa kapena wokhoza kupereka impso.

Njira yofananira

Mukamayesa kuyesa kubzala, mudzayezetsa magazi kuti mudziwe mtundu wamagazi anu (A, B, AB, kapena O) ndi leukocyte antigen yanu (HLA). HLA ndi gulu la ma antigen omwe ali pamwamba pama cell anu oyera amwazi. Ma antigen ndiwo amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.

Ngati mtundu wanu wa HLA ukugwirizana ndi mtundu wa HLA woperekayo, ndizotheka kuti thupi lanu silingakane impso. Munthu aliyense ali ndi ma antigen asanu ndi limodzi, atatu kuchokera kwa kholo lililonse lachilengedwe. Ma antigen omwe muli nawo omwe amafanana ndi omwe amakupatsani, pamakhala mwayi wochulukirapo.

Wothandizira amene angadziwike, mudzafunika kuyesedwa kwina kuti mutsimikizire kuti ma antibodies anu sangawononge ziwalo za woperekayo. Izi zimachitika posakaniza magazi anu ochepa ndi magazi aoperekayo.

Kuika sikungachitike ngati magazi anu amapanga ma antibodies poyankha magazi aoperekayo.

Ngati magazi anu sakuwonetsa chilichonse chomwe mungachite, mumakhala ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "crossmatch yolakwika". Izi zikutanthauza kuti kumuika kumatha kupitilira.

Kodi kumuika impso kumachitika bwanji?

Dokotala wanu amatha kukonzekera kusanachitike ngati mukulandira impso kuchokera kwa wopereka moyo.

Komabe, ngati mukuyembekezera wopereka wakufa yemwe ali wofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wanu wa minofu, muyenera kupezeka kuti muthamangire kuchipatala kwakanthawi kochepa pomwe woperekayo akudziwika. Zipatala zambiri zopatsirana zimapatsa anthu awo ma pager kapena mafoni kuti azitha kuwapeza mwachangu.

Mukafika pamalo opatsirana, muyenera kupereka magazi anu kuti ayesedwe. Mudzayeretsedwa kuchitidwa opareshoni ngati zotsatira zake ndizolakwika pamtanda.

Kuika impso kumachitika pansi pa anesthesia wamba. Izi zimaphatikizapo kukupatsani mankhwala omwe amakugonetsani panthawi yochita opaleshoniyi. Mankhwala oletsa ululu adzalowetsedwa mthupi lanu kudzera mu mzere wamitsempha (IV) womwe uli mdzanja lanu kapena mkono wanu.

Mukangogona, dokotala wanu amatumbula m'mimba mwanu ndikuyika impso ya woperekayo mkati. Kenako amalumikiza mitsempha ndi mitsempha kuchokera ku impso ndi mitsempha yanu. Izi zipangitsa kuti magazi ayambe kuyenda kudzera mu impso zatsopano.

Dokotala wanu adzaphatikizanso ureter wa impso watsopano m'chikhodzodzo chanu kuti mutha kukodza bwinobwino. Ureter ndi chubu chomwe chimalumikiza impso zanu ndi chikhodzodzo.

Dokotala wanu amasiya impso zanu zoyambirira mthupi lanu pokhapokha ngati zikuyambitsa mavuto, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena matenda.

Pambuyo pa chisamaliro

Mudzuka m'chipinda chobwezeretsa. Ogwira ntchito pachipatala adzawunika zikwangwani zanu zofunika kufikira atatsimikiza kuti ndinu ogalamuka komanso okhazikika. Kenako, akusamutsirani kuchipatala.

Ngakhale mutamva bwino mukatha kumuika (anthu ambiri amatero), mufunika kukhala mchipatala kwa sabata limodzi mutachitidwa opaleshoni.

Impso yanu yatsopano imayamba kuchotsa zinyalala mthupi nthawi yomweyo, kapena zimatha kutenga milungu ingapo kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito. Impso zoperekedwa ndi mamembala nthawi zambiri zimayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimachokera kwa osagwirizana kapena omwe anamwalira kale.

Mutha kuyembekezera zowawa zambiri ndi zowawa pafupi ndi malo obowolera mukamachira koyamba. Mukakhala mchipatala, madokotala anu amakuyang'anirani zovuta. Adzakuikiraninso ndandanda yokhayokha ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo oletsa thupi lanu kukana impso yatsopano. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse kuti thupi lanu likane impso za omwe amapereka.

Musanachoke kuchipatala, gulu lanu lakuika lidzakupatsani malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala anu. Onetsetsani kuti mwamvetsetsa malangizowa, ndikufunsani mafunso ambiri momwe angafunikire. Madokotala anu apanganso nthawi kuti muzitsatira mukatha opaleshoni.

Mukamasulidwa, muyenera kusunga nthawi zonse ndi gulu lanu lakuika kuti athe kuwona momwe impso yanu yatsopano ikugwirira ntchito.

Muyenera kumwa mankhwala anu oteteza ku matenda monga momwe mwalangizira. Dokotala wanu adzakupatsaninso mankhwala ena kuti muchepetse matenda. Pomaliza, muyenera kudziyang'anira nokha kuti muzindikire kuti thupi lanu lakana impso. Izi zimaphatikizapo zowawa, kutupa, komanso zizindikilo zonga chimfine.

Muyenera kutsatira pafupipafupi ndi dokotala kwa mwezi woyamba kapena miyezi iwiri mutachitidwa opaleshoni. Kuchira kwanu kumatha kutenga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Kodi kuopsa koumba impso ndi chiani?

Kuika impso ndi opaleshoni yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, zimakhala ndi chiopsezo cha:

• thupi lawo siligwirizana ndi dzanzi
• magazi
• kuundana kwamagazi
• kutayikira kuchokera ku ureter
• kutsekeka kwa ureter
• matenda
• kukana impso zomwe zaperekedwa
• kulephera kwa impso zoperekedwa
• matenda a mtima
• sitiroko

Zowopsa zomwe zingachitike

Chiwopsezo choopsa ndikukula ndikuti thupi lanu limakana impso. Komabe, ndizosowa kuti thupi lanu limakana impso za omwe amakupatsani.

Chipatala cha Mayo chimayerekezera kuti 90% ya omwe amawalandira omwe amalandira impso zawo kuchokera kwa wopereka moyo amakhala zaka zisanu atachitidwa opaleshoni. Pafupifupi 82 peresenti ya omwe adalandira impso kuchokera kwa wopereka wakufa amakhala zaka zisanu pambuyo pake.

Mukawona kukhumudwa kwachilendo pamalo obowolera kapena kusintha kwa mkodzo wanu, lembani gulu lanu lodziwitsa nthawi yomweyo. Ngati thupi lanu likukana impso zatsopano, mutha kuyambiranso dialysis ndikubwerera pamndandanda wodikira impso ina mukayesedwa.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe muyenera kumwa mukamachitidwa opaleshoni atha kubweretsanso zovuta zina. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• kunenepa
• kupatulira mafupa
• kukula kwa tsitsi
• ziphuphu
• chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa yapakhungu komanso non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuopsa kwanu kokhala ndi zotsatirazi.