The 5 French Mayi Msuzi, Kufotokozedwa

Zamkati

• 1. Béchamel
• 2. Velouté
• 3. Espagnole (msuzi wofiirira)
• 4. Hollandaise
• 5. Phwetekere
• Momwe mungayerekezere msuzi
• Mfundo yofunika

Zakudya zamakedzana zaku France zakhala zikukopa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Ngakhale simumadziyesa nokha kukhala wophika, mwina mwaphatikizirapo zinthu zaku French kuphika kwakhitchini kwanu kangapo.

Zakudya zaku France ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito msuzi wokoma kwambiri. Kupatula apo, msuzi wopangidwa bwino umapangitsa chinyezi, kulemera, zovuta, komanso utoto pafupifupi pafupifupi mbale iliyonse.

Pali mitundu yosawerengeka ya masukisi aku France, ambiri mwa iwo amachokera mumsuzi umodzi wamayi.

Zomwe zidapangidwa mzaka za m'ma 1800 ndi wophika wamkulu Auguste Escoffier, ma sauces a amayi ndi zophatikizira zomwe zimakhala maziko a kusiyanasiyana konse kwa msuzi. Msuzi wamayi aliyense amagawidwa makamaka kutengera mtundu wake wapadera ndi thickener.

Nkhaniyi ikuwunikira ma sauces 5 a amayi aku France, ndikufotokozera momwe amapangidwira, chidziwitso chawo chofunikira cha michere, ndi masupu ena achiwiri omwe mungapange kuchokera kwa iwo.

1. Béchamel

Béchamel, kapena msuzi woyera, ndi msuzi wosavuta wa mkaka wopangidwa ndi batala, ufa, ndi mkaka wonse.

Kutulutsa 2-ounce (60-mL) kumapereka pafupifupi (,,):

• Ma calories: 130
• Mafuta: 7 magalamu
• Ma carbs: Magalamu 13
• Mapuloteni: 3 magalamu

Kuti mupange béchamel, yambani kuphika batala ndi ufa mu poto mpaka ipange chinthu chokulirapo, chofanana ndi phala chotchedwa roux. Roux imapangitsa kuti msuzi ukhale wambiri.

Pali mitundu yambiri yama roux, koma yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa béchamel imatchedwa white roux. Amangophika kwa mphindi pafupifupi 2-3 - motalika kokwanira kuti achotse ufa wosakanikirana koma osati motalika kwambiri kuti batala liyambe bulauni.

Roux ikakhala yokonzeka, pang'onopang'ono ikani mkaka wofunda ndikuyimira mpaka itapanga msuzi wosalala.

Ndi kuwonjezera zina zokometsera monga mchere, tsabola, ndi ma cloves, béchamel yatha - ngakhale itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a msuzi ena ambiri.

Msuzi wotchuka wopangidwa kuchokera ku béchamel ndi awa:

• M'mawa: béchamel ndi anyezi, cloves, tchizi cha Gruyère, ndi Parmesan
• Msuzi wa Kirimu: béchamel wokhala ndi kirimu cholemera
• Zovuta: béchamel ndi batala ndi anyezi wa caramelized
• Nantua: béchamel ndi nkhanu, batala, ndi kirimu cholemera
• Msuzi wa Cheddar: béchamel ndi mkaka wonse ndi tchizi cha cheddar

Béchamel ndi masupu ake otumphukira amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya zambiri, kuphatikiza casseroles, supu wokoma, ndi pasitala.

Béchamel ndi msuzi woyera, woyera, wopangidwa ndi ufa, batala, ndi mkaka. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sauces zopangidwa ndi zonona.

2. Velouté

Velouté ndi msuzi wosavuta wopangidwa ndi batala, ufa, ndi masheya.

Stock ndimadzi ophikira okoma, okoma kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndim'mafupa, zitsamba, ndi masamba onunkhira kwa maola angapo.

Velouté ndi ofanana ndi béchamel chifukwa ndi msuzi woyera wonyezimira ndi roux, koma imakhala ndi stock m'munsi m'malo mwa mkaka. Nkhuku ndizosankha kwambiri, koma mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito masheya ena oyera, monga omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku veal kapena nsomba.

Kutulutsa kwa 2 ounce (60-mL) ya velouté ya nkhuku ili ndi pafupifupi (,,):

• Ma calories: 50
• Mafuta: 3 magalamu
• Ma carbs: 3 magalamu
• Mapuloteni: 1 galamu

Kuti mupange velouté, yambani kupanga roux yoyera ndi batala ndi ufa. Kenaka, pang'onopang'ono musunthire pamalo otentha ndikusiya uzimira mpaka msuzi wobiriwira.

Velouté yofunikira itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha pa nyama ndi ndiwo zamasamba, kapena kupangidwanso mumisuzi yambiri yachiwiri.

Msuzi wina wotchuka wochokera ku velouté ndi awa:

• Wamkulu: velouté ya nkhuku yokhala ndi kirimu cholemera komanso bowa
• Chihangare: nkhuku kapena vealouté ya veal ndi anyezi, paprika, ndi vinyo woyera
• Normande: velouté ya nsomba ndi zonona, batala, ndi mazira a dzira
• Wachi Venetian: nkhuku kapena nsomba velouté yokhala ndi tarragon, shallots, ndi parsley
• Allemande: velouté ya nkhuku kapena nyama yamwana wang'ombe ndi madzi a mandimu, yolk dzira, ndi kirimu

Ngakhale sizachikhalidwe, mutha kupanga velouté ya zamasamba pogwiritsa ntchito masamba.

Velouté amapangidwa ndi batala, ufa, ndipo mwina nkhuku, nyama yamwana wang'ombe, kapena nsomba. Msuziwu ndi zotumphukira zake ndizosunthika kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati nyemba pa nyama kapena ndiwo zamasamba.

3. Espagnole (msuzi wofiirira)

Espagnole, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti msuzi wofiirira, ndi msuzi wonenepa, wamdima wopangidwa kuchokera ku roux-thickened stock, tomato yoyeretsedwa, ndi mirepoix - kusakaniza kaloti, anyezi, ndi udzu winawake womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko.

Monga velouté, espagnole imagwiritsa ntchito roux ndi stock ngati zosakaniza zazikulu. Komabe, m'malo mwa roux yoyera ndi masheya, imafuna masokosi abulauni ndi bulauni.

Katundu wofiirira amapangidwa kuchokera ku mafupa a ng'ombe kapena nyama yamwana wang'ombe omwe awotchera ndikuwotchera, pomwe roux yofiirira ndi ufa ndi batala zomwe zimaphika motalika kokwanira kuti bulauni batala. Zosakaniza izi zimapatsa espagnole kukoma kovuta kwambiri, kovuta.

Kutulutsa kwa 2-ounce (60-mL) a espagnole (,,,,,):

• Ma calories: 50
• Mafuta: 3 magalamu
• Ma carbs: 4 magalamu
• Mapuloteni: 1 galamu

Espagnole imagwiranso ntchito ngati maziko a masupu otsatirawa:

• Demi-glace: espagnole yokhala ndi ng'ombe yowonjezera kapena nyama yamwana wang'ombe, zitsamba, ndi zonunkhira zomwe zatsika kukhala zosasintha,
• Robert: espagnole wokhala ndi mandimu, mpiru wouma, vinyo woyera, ndi anyezi
• Makhalidwe: espagnole ndi mpiru wouma, vinyo woyera, anyezi, ndi zipatso
• Bowa: espagnole wokhala ndi bowa, shallots, sherry, ndi mandimu
• Burgundy: espagnole ndi vinyo wofiira ndi shallots

Chifukwa espagnole ndi msuzi wake wopezeka amakonda kukhala wolemera komanso wonenepa, nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa limodzi ndi nyama zakuda ngati ng'ombe kapena bakha.

Espagnole ndi msuzi wofiirira wopangidwa ndi roux wofiirira, masamba abulauni, tomato woyeretsedwa, ndi mirepoix. Kukoma kwake, kovuta kumawundana bwino ndi nyama zakuda, monga ng'ombe ndi bakha.

4. Hollandaise

Hollandaise ndi msuzi wobiriwira, wobiriwira wopangidwa ndi batala, madzi a mandimu, ndi mazira aiwisi.

Mwinanso amadziwika bwino chifukwa chazomwe amachita pachakudya cham'mawa cham'mawa Mazira Benedict.

Hollandaise imasiyanitsa ndi ma sauces ena am'mayi aku France chifukwa imadalira emulsification - kapena kusakaniza - ya mazira azira ndi batala m'malo mwa roux.

Amadziwika kuti ndi ovuta kukonzekera chifukwa cha chizolowezi cha batala ndi ma dzira a dzira kukana kuphatikiza - monga madzi ndi mafuta.

Chinsinsi chopangira hollandaise woyenera ndimazira otentha pang'ono a mazira, batala wa firiji, ndikulimbikira kosalekeza. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera batala mu yolks pang'onopang'ono komanso mopitilira muyeso kuti zosakaniza zizikhala zolimba komanso sizingasiyane.

Kutulutsa kokwanira kawiri kwa hollandaise kumapereka ():

• Ma calories: 163
• Mafuta: Magalamu 17
• Ma carbs: 0,5 magalamu
• Mapuloteni: 1.5 magalamu

Hollandaise ndi yokoma yokha koma imayambitsanso msuzi wina, monga:

• Chimbalangondo: hollandaise ndi vinyo woyera, tarragon, ndi peppercorn
• Choron: hollandaise ndi tarragon ndi phwetekere
• Maltaise: hollandaise ndi madzi a lalanje amwazi
• Msuzi: hollandaise wokhala ndi kirimu cholemera

Hollandaise ndi msuzi wake wotumphuka nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa mazira, ndiwo zamasamba, kapena nyama zopepuka ngati nkhuku ndi nsomba.

Hollandaise amaphatikiza mazira a mazira, batala, ndi mandimu. Zonsezi ndi msuzi wake wotumphukira amatumikiridwa kwambiri pamazira, masamba, nsomba, kapena nkhuku.

5. Phwetekere

Msuzi wa phwetekere ndiwodziwika bwino kwambiri mumsuzi wamayi waku France.

Msuzi wakale wa phwetekere waku France wadzaza ndi roux ndipo amakhala ndi nkhumba, zitsamba, ndi masamba onunkhira. Komabe, msuzi wamakono ambiri wa phwetekere makamaka amakhala ndi tomato woyeretsedwa wokometsedwa ndi zitsamba ndikusandulika msuzi wobiriwira.

Kutulutsa msuzi wokwana 2-mL wa msuzi wa phwetekere uli ndi ():

• Ma calories: 15
• Mafuta: 0 magalamu
• Ma carbs: 3 magalamu
• Mapuloteni: 1 galamu

Msuzi wake wotengera umaphatikizapo:

• Chikiliyo: phwetekere msuzi ndi vinyo woyera, adyo, anyezi, tsabola wa cayenne, ndi tsabola wofiira
• Algeria: phwetekere msuzi wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira belu tsabola
• Kutulutsa: phwetekere msuzi ndi adyo, anyezi, shuga, mchere, parsley, ndi tomato wosenda
• Zowonjezera: phwetekere msuzi ndi maolivi, parsley, adyo, mchere, tsabola, ndi shuga
• Marinara: phwetekere msuzi ndi adyo, anyezi, ndi zitsamba

Msuzi wa phwetekere ndiwosunthika modabwitsa ndipo amatha kutumizidwa ndi nyama zophika kapena zophika, nsomba, masamba, mazira, ndi mbale za pasitala.

Wophika aliyense angakuuzeni msuzi wabwino kwambiri wa phwetekere wopangidwa ndi tomato watsopano. Yesetsani kupanga msuzi waukulu wa msuzi ndi tomato watsopano ali mkati mwa nyengo, ndiye mutha kuziziritsa kapena kuzizira zotsalira kuti musangalale ndi msuzi wopangidwa ndi phwetekere chaka chonse.

Msuzi wakale wa phwetekere waku France amadzaza ndi roux komanso amakometsera ndi nkhumba, pomwe amakono amakhala ndi tomato woyeretsedwatu kukhala msuzi wobiriwira.

Momwe mungayerekezere msuzi

Tsopano popeza mukudziwa kusiyana pakati pa masukisi asanu, nayi infographic kuti muwone mosavuta.

Mfundo yofunika

Msuzi asanu a ku France ndi béchamel, velouté, espagnole, hollandaise, ndi phwetekere.

Opangidwa m'zaka za zana la 19 ndi wophika waku France a Auguste Escoffier, msuzi wa amayi amakhala poyambira masukisi osiyanasiyana okoma omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikiza mbale zosawerengeka, kuphatikiza nyama zamasamba, nsomba, nyama, casseroles, ndi pastas.

Ngati mukufuna kukonza luso lanu lophikira, yesani kuphika imodzi mwa msuzi wosankhika ndikuwona komwe kumakufikitsani.