Multiple myeloma: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe mungatsimikizire
• Kodi myeloma yambiri imayamba bwanji?
• Kodi myeloma ingachiritsidwe?
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Multiple myeloma ndi khansa yomwe imakhudza maselo omwe amapangidwa ndi mafupa, otchedwa plasmocyte, omwe amayamba kukhala ndi vuto lawo ndikuchulukirachulukira m'thupi.

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kwa okalamba, ndipo koyambirira sikumayambitsa zizindikiro, mpaka kuchulukana kwa maselo opanda plasma kutukuka kwambiri ndikupangitsa zizindikilo monga kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kusintha kwa mafupa, kuchuluka kwa calcium yamwazi, ntchito ya impso kuchuluka kwa impso komanso chiopsezo chotenga matenda.

Multiple myeloma imawonedwa ngati matenda osachiritsika, komabe, ndi chithandizo chomwe chilipo pakadali pano ndikotheka kupeza nthawi yolimba ya matendawa kwazaka zambiri. Njira zochiritsira zimawonetsedwa ndi a hematologist, ndipo amaphatikizanso chemotherapy ndi mankhwala osakanikirana, kuphatikiza pakuwonjezera mafuta m'mafupa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Pachiyambi, matendawa sayambitsa zizindikiro. Pakapita patsogolo kwambiri, myeloma ingayambitse:

• Kuchepetsa mphamvu yakuthupi;
• Kutopa;
• Zofooka;
• Nseru ndi kusanza;
• Kutaya njala;
• Kupopera;
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa;
• Pafupipafupi fupa fractures;
• Mavuto amwazi, monga kuchepa magazi m'thupi, amachepetsa maselo oyera am'magazi ndi ma platelet. Dziwani zambiri zavutoli.
• Kusintha kwamitsempha yotumphukira.

Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa calcium, monga kutopa, kusokonezeka kwamaganizidwe kapena arrhythmia, komanso kusintha kwa impso, monga kusintha kwamikodzo, kumawonekeranso.

Momwe mungatsimikizire

Kuti mupeze matenda a myeloma angapo, kuphatikiza pakuwunika kwamankhwala, hematologist adzaitanitsa mayeso omwe angathandize kutsimikizira matendawa. O myirawo ndi mayeso ofunikira, chifukwa ndi aspirate ya m'mafupa yomwe ingalole kusanthula kwa maselo omwe amapanga mafutawa, kutha kudziwa gulu la plasmocyte, lomwe matendawa amakhala oposa 10% a tsambali. Mvetsetsani zomwe myelogram ndi momwe zimachitikira.

Chiyeso china chofunikira chimatchedwa mapuloteni electrophoresis, yomwe imatha kuchitika ndi magazi kapena mkodzo, ndipo imatha kuzindikira kuwonjezeka kwa ma antibody olakwika omwe amapangidwa ndi ma plasmocyte, otchedwa protein M. Mayesowa atha kuphatikizidwa ndi mayeso amthupi, monga protein immunofixation.

Ndikofunikanso kuyesa zomwe zimawunika ndikuwunika zovuta zamatendawa, monga kuchuluka kwa magazi kuti muwone kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi magazi, kuchuluka kwa calcium, komwe kumatha kukwezedwa, kuyesa kwa creatinine kuti muwone momwe impso imagwirira ntchito komanso kuyesa kuyerekezera mafupa, monga ma radiographs ndi MRI.

Kodi myeloma yambiri imayamba bwanji?

Multiple myeloma ndi khansa yomwe imachokera, koma zomwe zimayambitsa sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Zimayambitsa kuchulukana kwa ma plasmocyte osasokonezeka, omwe ndi maselo ofunikira omwe amapangidwa m'mafupa omwe ali ndi ntchito yopanga ma antibodies oteteza thupi.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa, ma plasmocyte amtunduwu amatha kupanga masango omwe amadzikundikira m'mafupa, ndikupangitsa kusintha kwa magwiridwe ake, komanso mbali zina zathupi, monga mafupa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma plasmocytes samatulutsa ma antibodies molondola, m'malo mwake amapanga puloteni yopanda tanthauzo yotchedwa protein M, yomwe imayambitsa matenda opatsirana komanso mwayi wopangitsa ma tubules kusefera kwa impso.

Kodi myeloma ingachiritsidwe?

Masiku ano, chithandizo cha myeloma yambiri yasintha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mankhwala omwe alipo, kotero, ngakhale sizinafotokozedwe kuti matendawa ali ndi mankhwala, ndizotheka kukhala nawo mosasunthika kwazaka zambiri.

Chifukwa chake, m'mbuyomu, wodwala yemwe ali ndi myeloma angapo anali ndi moyo wa 2, 4 kapena zaka 5, komabe, masiku ano komanso ndi chithandizo choyenera ndizotheka kukhala zaka zoposa 10 kapena 20. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti palibe lamulo, ndikuti mulimonsemo amasinthasintha malinga ndi zinthu zingapo, monga zaka, thanzi komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amawonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi myeloma angapo omwe ali ndi zizindikilo, ndipo omwe ali ndi mayeso osazolowereka koma omwe alibe madandaulo akuthupi ayenera kukhala ndi hematologist, pafupipafupi momwe iye angathere, mwina miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Zina mwazomwe mungasankhe ndi mankhwala monga Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide, Bortezomib, Thalidomide, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin kapena Vincristine, mwachitsanzo, omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi hematologist, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa, mu chemotherapy. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala angapo akuyesedwa kuti athe kuthandiza kwambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa.

Kuika mafuta m'mafupa ndi njira yabwino yothanirana ndi matendawa, komabe, zimangolimbikitsidwa kwa odwala omwe sanakalambe kwambiri, makamaka ochepera zaka 70, kapena omwe alibe matenda oopsa omwe amalepheretsa kuthekera kwawo, monga mtima kapena matenda am'mapapo. Dziwani zambiri za momwe kusintha kwa mafupa kumachitikira, pomwe zikuwonetsedwa komanso kuopsa kwake.