Zonse Zokhudza Mpweya Wanthu

Zamkati

• Anatomy ndi ntchito
• Pamtunda thirakiti
• M'munsi thirakiti
• Zinthu zofananira
• Makhalidwe apamwamba am'mapapo
• M'munsi thirakiti zinthu
• Mankhwala
• Matenda a bakiteriya
• Matenda opatsirana
• Zinthu zosatha
• Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala
• Mfundo yofunika

Njira yopumira imathandizira kusinthana kwa kaboni dayokisaidi ndi mpweya m'thupi la munthu. Njirayi imathandizanso kuchotsa zinyalala zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa pH.

Mbali zazikulu za kupuma zimaphatikizira gawo lakumapuma komanso njira yotsika yopumira.

M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza zonse zomwe tingadziwe zokhudza kupuma kwaumunthu, kuphatikizapo ziwalo ndi ntchito, komanso zochitika zomwe zingakhudze.

Anatomy ndi ntchito

Makina onse opumira amakhala ndi mathirakiti awiri: tsamba lakumapeto lakumapeto komanso njira yopumira. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, gawo lapamwamba la kupuma limakhala ndi chilichonse chomwe chili pamwambapa, ndipo gawo lotsika la kupuma limaphatikizaponso chilichonse chomwe chili pansi pa khola la mawu.

Timapepala tiwiri timagwirira ntchito limodzi kupuma, kapena kusinthana kwa kaboni dayokisaidi ndi mpweya pakati pa thupi lanu ndi mpweya.

Kuyambira pamphuno mpaka m'mapapu, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamapweya zimaseweredwa mosiyanasiyana koma zofunikira pantchito yonse yopuma.

Pamtunda thirakiti

Matenda apamwamba a m'mapapo amayamba ndi zipsinjo ndi mphuno, zonse zomwe zili mdera lakumbuyo kwa mphuno.

• Pulogalamu ya mphuno ndi malo omwe amakhala kumbuyo kwa mphuno omwe amalola mpweya wakunja kulowa mthupi. Mpweya umabwera kudzera m'mphuno, umakumana ndi cilia wokulira m'mphuno. Izi cilia zimathandizira kutchera ndikuchotsa tinthu tina tachilendo.
• Pulogalamu ya ziphuphu malo ampweya kumbuyo chakumaso kwa chigaza chomwe chili mbali zonse za mphuno komanso pamphumi. Matendawa amathandiza kutentha kwa mpweya mukamapuma.

Kuphatikiza pa kulowa kudzera m'mphuno, mpweya amathanso kulowa mkamwa. Mpweya ukangolowa m'thupi, umadutsa m'munsi mwa makina opumira ndi pharynx ndi kholingo.

• Pulogalamu ya pharynx, kapena pakhosi, amalola kuti mpweya uzidutsa kuchokera kumphuno kapena pakamwa kupita kumphako ndi trachea.
• Pulogalamu ya kholingo, kapena bokosi lamalangizo, limakhala ndi zikopa zomwe timafunikira kuti tizitha kuyankhula ndi kupanga mawu.

Mpweya ukalowa m'kholingo, umapitirira mpaka m'chigawo chapansi cha kupuma, chomwe chimayamba ndi trachea.

M'munsi thirakiti

• Pulogalamu ya trachea, kapena mphepo, ndiyo njira yomwe imalola mpweya kutuluka molunjika kumapapu. Chubu ichi ndi okhwima kwambiri ndipo wapangidwa ndi mphete angapo tracheal. Chilichonse chomwe chimapangitsa kuti trachea ichepetse, monga kutupa kapena kutsekeka, imaletsa mpweya kutuluka m'mapapu.

Ntchito yayikulu yamapapu ndikusintha mpweya ndi carbon dioxide. Tikapuma, mapapo amapumira mpweya komanso amatulutsa mpweya wa carbon dioxide.

• M'mapapu, trachea imagawika pawiri bronchi, kapena machubu, omwe amatsogolera m'mapapu aliwonse. Ma bronchi awa amapitilizabe kukhala ocheperako bronchioles. Pomaliza, ma bronchioles awa amatha alveoli, kapena matumba amlengalenga, omwe amachititsa kusinthana kwa oxygen ndi kaboni dayokisaidi.

Mpweya woipa ndi mpweya zimasinthana mu alveoli kudzera munjira zotsatirazi:

1. Mtima umapopa magazi osakanikirana ndi mapapo. Magazi opangidwa ndi deoxygenatedwa amakhala ndi carbon dioxide, yomwe imachokera ku kagayidwe kamasiku onse amakono.
2. Magazi a deoxygenated akangofika ku alveoli, amatulutsa carbon dioxide posinthana ndi mpweya. Magazi tsopano ali ndi mpweya.
3. Magazi okhala ndi mpweyawo amayenda kuchokera m'mapapu kubwerera kumtima, komwe amatulutsidwa kubwerera m'thupi.

Pamodzi ndikusinthanitsa kwa mchere mu impso, kusinthanitsa kwa kaboni dayokisaidi m'mapapu kumathandizanso kuti magazi azikhala ochepa.

Zinthu zofananira

Mabakiteriya, ma virus, komanso ngakhale autoimmune zimatha kuyambitsa matenda am'mapapo. Matenda ena opuma ndimikhalidwe zimangokhudza gawo lakumtunda, pomwe zina zimakhudza kwambiri tsamba lotsika.

Makhalidwe apamwamba am'mapapo

• Nthendayi. Pali mitundu ingapo ya chifuwa, kuphatikiza zakudya zamagulu, zovuta za nyengo, komanso khungu lakhungu, lomwe lingakhudze matenthedwe apamwamba. Matenda ena amayamba kuziziritsa, monga mphuno, kuchulukana, kapena pakhosi. Matenda owopsa kwambiri amatha kubweretsa anaphylaxis ndikutseka kwa ma airways.
• Chimfine. Chimfine ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana omwe angayambitsidwe ndi ma virus opitilira 200. Zizindikiro za chimfine zimaphatikizira kapena kutsekeka mphuno, kuchulukana, kupanikizika m'machimo, zilonda zapakhosi, ndi zina zambiri.
• Laryngitis. Laryngitis ndichikhalidwe chomwe chimachitika pakamatuluka kholingo kapena zingwe zamawu. Vutoli limatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kupsa mtima, matenda, kapena kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndikutaya mawu ndi kukhosi.
• Pharyngitis. Amadziwikanso kuti zilonda zapakhosi, pharyngitis ndikutupa kwa kholingo lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi matenda a bakiteriya kapena ma virus. Pakhosi, lopweteka, louma ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha pharyngitis. Izi zitha kuperekedwanso ndi kuzizira kapena kuzizira monga mphuno, kukhosomola, kapena kupuma.
• Sinusitis. Sinusitis itha kukhala yovuta komanso yayitali. Vutoli limadziwika ndi zotupa, zotupa zotupa m'mphuno ndi m'mphuno. Zizindikiro zake zimaphatikizapo kuchulukana, kuthamanga kwa sinus, mafunde am'madzi, ndi zina zambiri.

M'munsi thirakiti zinthu

• Mphumu. Mphumu ndi yotupa yomwe imakhudza mayendedwe amlengalenga. Kutupa uku kumapangitsa kuti mlengalenga muchepetse, zomwe zimapangitsa kupuma movutikira. Zizindikiro za mphumu zimatha kuphatikizira kupuma pang'ono, kutsokomola, ndi kupuma. Zizindikirozi zikayamba kukula kwambiri, zimatha kudwala chifuwa cha mphumu.
• Matenda. Bronchitis ndimkhalidwe womwe umadziwika ndi kutupa kwa machubu a bronchial. Zizindikiro za vutoli nthawi zambiri zimamveka ngati zozizira poyamba, kenako zimasanduka chifuwa chotulutsa ntchofu. Bronchitis imatha kukhala yovuta (yochepera masiku 10) kapena yopitilira (milungu ingapo ndikubwereza).
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD). COPD ndi ambulera ya gulu la matenda osachiritsika, amapita patsogolo am'mapapo, omwe amapezeka kwambiri kukhala bronchitis ndi emphysema. Popita nthawi, izi zimatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ma airways ndi mapapu. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, amatha kuyambitsa matenda ena opuma opatsirana. Zizindikiro za COPD ndi monga:
  • kupuma movutikira
  • kufinya pachifuwa
  • kupuma
  • kukhosomola
  • matenda opuma pafupipafupi
• Emphysema. Emphysema ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimawononga ma alveoli am'mapapu ndikuwononga kuchepa kwa mpweya. Emphysema ndi matenda osachiritsika. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndikutopa, kuchepa thupi, komanso kugunda kwa mtima.
• Khansa ya m'mapapo. Khansa yamapapo ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe ili m'mapapu. Khansara yamapapu imasiyana kutengera komwe khansayo ili, monga alveoli kapena ma airways. Zizindikiro za khansa yam'mapapo zimaphatikizira kupuma movutikira komanso kupuma, kutsagana ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, kutsokomola ndi magazi, komanso kuwonda kosadziwika.
• Chibayo. Chibayo ndimatenda omwe amachititsa kuti alveoli itenthe ndi mafinya ndi madzi. SARS, kapena matenda oopsa a kupuma, ndi COVID-19 zonsezi zimayambitsa zizindikilo zonga chibayo, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a coronavirus. Banja ili lalumikizidwa ndi matenda ena opuma opuma. Chibayo chikapanda kuchiritsidwa, chibayo chimatha kupha. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizira kupuma pang'ono, kupweteka pachifuwa, kutsokomola ndi ntchofu, ndi zina zambiri.

Pali zikhalidwe zina ndi matenda omwe angakhudze dongosolo la kupuma, koma zikhalidwe zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Mankhwala

Chithandizo cha kupuma chimasiyana kutengera mtundu wamatenda.

Matenda a bakiteriya

Matenda a bakiteriya omwe amatsogolera kupuma amafunikira maantibayotiki kuti akalandire chithandizo. Maantibayotiki amatha kumwa ngati mapiritsi, makapisozi, kapena zakumwa.

Mukamwa maantibayotiki, amakhala othandiza nthawi yomweyo. Ngakhale mutayamba kumva bwino, muyenera kumwa maantibayotiki oyenera.

Matenda a bakiteriya amatha kuphatikiza:

• laryngitis
• pharyngitis
• sinusitis
• chifuwa
• chibayo

Matenda opatsirana

Mosiyana ndi matenda a bakiteriya, nthawi zambiri palibe chithandizo chamankhwala opatsirana ndimatenda. M'malo mwake, muyenera kudikirira kuti thupi lanu lizitha kulimbana ndi matendawa pokhapokha. Mankhwala owonjezera pa-kauntala (OTC) amatha kukupatsani mpumulo kuzizindikiro ndikulola thupi lanu kupumula.

Chimfine ndi ma virus laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, kapena chibayo zimatha kupitilira milungu ingapo kuti zipezenso bwino.

Zinthu zosatha

Zina mwa njira zopumira ndizosachiritsika. Pazifukwa izi, cholinga chake ndikuwongolera zizindikilo za matendawa.

• Chifukwa cha chifuwa chochepa, OTC mankhwala osokoneza bongo angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
• Matenda a mphumu, kusintha kwa inhaler ndi moyo kumatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa zizindikilo komanso kuwonekera.
• Kwa COPD, Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo mankhwala ndi makina omwe angathandize mapapu kupuma mosavuta.
• Kwa khansa yamapapo, opaleshoni, radiation, ndi chemotherapy ndizo njira zonse zamankhwala.

Nthawi yoti muwonane ndi dokotala

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikilo zilizonse za matenda a bakiteriya, ma virus, kapena matenda opuma, pitani kwa dokotala. Amatha kuwunika zizindikiritso m'mphuno ndi pakamwa panu, mverani kumveka kwa mpweya wanu, ndikuyesa mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse.

Mfundo yofunika

Makina opumira anthu ali ndi udindo wothandizira kupatsa mpweya ma cell, kuchotsa mpweya woipa mthupi, ndikuwongolera pH yamagazi.

Matenda apamwamba komanso njira ya m'munsi yopumira zonse zimathandiza kwambiri pakusinthana kwa mpweya ndi mpweya woipa.

Mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya akalowa m'thupi, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwa mathirakiti opuma.

Ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti muli ndi matenda opuma, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kuti akuthandizeni.