Khansa Yaubwana: Zizindikiro, Zomwe Zimayambitsa, Mitundu ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro Zazikulu Za Khansa Mwa Ana
• Momwe mungapangire matendawa
• Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa mwa ana
• Mitundu yayikulu ya khansa yaubwana
• Kodi khansa yaubwana ingachiritsidwe?
• Njira zothandizira
• Thandizo kwa ana omwe ali ndi khansa

Zizindikiro za khansa yaubwana zimadalira komwe imayamba kukula komanso kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo chomwe chimakhudza. Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa makolo kukayikira kuti mwanayo akudwala ndikuchepa kwamafuta popanda chifukwa, mwana akadya bwino, koma kupitiriza kuonda.

Matendawa amapangidwa pambuyo pa kuyesa kwathunthu kwa batri komwe kumatsimikizira kuti mwana ali ndi chotupa chotani, gawo lake, komanso ngati pali metastases kapena ayi. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti zithandizire kupeza chithandizo choyenera kwambiri, chomwe chingaphatikizepo opaleshoni, chithandizo chama radiation, chemotherapy kapena immunotherapy.

Khansa yaubwana siyichiritsidwa nthawi zonse, koma ikapezeka msanga ndipo palibe metastases pamakhala mwayi waukulu wochiritsidwa. Ngakhale khansa ya m'magazi ndiyo khansa yodziwika kwambiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata, yomwe imakhudza 25 mpaka 30% ya milandu, lymphoma, khansa ya impso, chotupa chaubongo, khansa ya minofu, maso ndi mafupa zimawonekeranso m'badwo uno.

Zizindikiro Zazikulu Za Khansa Mwa Ana

Zina mwazofunikira kwambiri za zizindikiro za khansa mwa ana ndi izi:

• Malungo kutulutsa popanda chifukwa chomveka chomwe chimatha masiku opitilira 8;
• Kuluma ndi kutuluka magazi kudzera m'mphuno kapena m'kamwa;
• Ache thupi kapena mafupa omwe amachititsa mwana kukana kusewera, zomwe zimamupangitsa kugona nthawi zambiri, kukwiya kapena kuvutika kugona;
• Zinenero zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazikulu kuposa masentimita atatu, zolimba, zochedwa kukula, zopanda ululu ndipo sizilungamitsidwa ndikupezeka kwa matenda;
• Kusanza ndi kupweteka mutu kwa milungu yopitilira iwirimakamaka m'mawa, amatsagana ndi chizindikiro china chamitsempha, monga kusintha kwa magwiridwe kapena masomphenya, kapena mutu wokulitsa modabwitsa;
• Kukula kwa m'mimba limodzi kapena ayi ndi kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza ndi kudzimbidwa kapena kutsegula m'mimba;
• Wonjezerani voliyumu yamaso onse kapena limodzi;
• Zizindikiro za kutha msinkhu, monga mawonekedwe aubweya wa pubic kapena kukulitsa ziwalo zoberekera asanakwane msinkhu;
• Kukulitsa mutu, fontanelle (softener) sanatsekedwebe, makamaka makanda ochepera miyezi 18;
• Magazi mkodzo.

Makolowo akawona zosinthazi mwa mwana, zimalimbikitsidwa kupita naye kwa dokotala kuti akayitanitse mayeso oyenera kuti afike pangoziyo kuti athe kuyambitsa chithandizo mwachangu. Mukayamba chithandizo mwachangu, pamakhala mpata waukulu wochira.

Phunzirani zizindikilo zonse za khansa ya m'magazi, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa mwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Momwe mungapangire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa khansa yaubwana kumatha kuchitidwa ndi dokotala wa ana kutengera zizindikiritsozo ndikutsimikizira kukayikira, mayeso monga:

• Kuyesa magazi: pamayesowa adotolo adzafufuza za CRP, ma leukocyte, zotupa, TGO, TGP, hemoglobin;
• Computed tomography kapena ultrasound: ndi kuyesa kwazithunzi komwe kupezeka kapena kukula kwa khansa ndi metastases;
• Biopsy: kanyama kakang'ono kamakololedwa kuchokera ku chiwalo komwe amakayikira kuti chakhudzidwa ndikuwunikidwa.

Matendawa amatha kupangidwa, ngakhale zisanachitike zizindikiro zoyambirira, pokambirana mwachizolowezi ndipo, munthawi imeneyi, mwayi wochira ndi waukulu.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa mwa ana

Khansa nthawi zambiri imayamba mwa ana omwe amapezeka ndi radiation kapena mankhwala ali ndi pakati. Mavairasi amalumikizananso ndi mitundu ina ya khansa yaubwana, monga Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Epstein-Barr, ndipo zosintha zina zamtundu zimakonda mtundu wina wa khansa, komabe, sizotheka nthawi zonse kudziwa zomwe zingayambitse chitukuko cha khansa ana.

Mitundu yayikulu ya khansa yaubwana

Ana ochepera zaka 5, omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi khansa ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi, koma khansa yaubwana imadziwikanso kudzera mu zotupa za impso, zotupa zama cell apakhungu, zotupa zamanjenje ndi zotupa za chiwindi.

Kodi khansa yaubwana ingachiritsidwe?

Khansa ya ana ndi achinyamata imachiritsidwa nthawi zambiri, makamaka makolo akatha kuzindikira msanga zizindikilo ndikuzipereka kwa dokotala wa ana kuti akawunike.

Zotupa zaubwana kapena zachinyamata, nthawi zambiri, zimakula msanga poyerekeza ndi chotupa chimodzimodzi mwa akulu. Ngakhale alinso ovuta kwambiri, amayankha bwino kuchipatala, chomwe chimayambitsidwa koyambirira, mwayi wabwino wochira poyerekeza ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi khansa.

Pofuna kuchiza khansa yaubwana, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kulandira mankhwala a radiotherapy ndi chemotherapy kuti athetse ma cell a khansa kapena kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti achotse chotupacho, ndipo chithandizochi chitha kuchitidwa ku Chipatala cha Cancer pafupi kwambiri ndi komwe mwana amakhala kwaulere. Chithandizo nthawi zonse chimatsogoleredwa ndi gulu la madokotala, monga oncologist, dokotala wa ana, anamwino, akatswiri azakudya ndi asayansi omwe, pamodzi, amafuna kuthandiza mwana ndi banja.

Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chikuyenera kuphatikiza kuthandizira kwamaganizidwe a mwanayo ndi makolo kuti athandizire kuthana ndi kupanda chilungamo, kusintha kwa thupi la mwana, ngakhale kuwopa kufa ndi kutayika.

Njira zothandizira

Chithandizo cha khansa mwa ana cholinga chake ndikuletsa kapena kuyimitsa kukula kwa maselo a khansa, kuwalepheretsa kufalikira mthupi ndipo, chifukwa chake, kungafunike:

• Chithandizo chamagetsi: radiation yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu X-ray imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ndi mphamvu yayikulu kuposa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha ma cell a khansa;
• Chemotherapy: mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena jakisoni;
• Opaleshoni: kuchitidwa opaleshoni kumachotsa chotupacho.
• Immunotherapy: komwe mankhwala enieni amaperekedwa motsutsana ndi khansa yomwe mwanayo ali nayo.

Izi zitha kuchitidwa zokha kapena, ngati zingafunike, limodzi kuti muchite bwino ndikuchiza khansa.

Milandu yambiri imafuna kuti mwanayo alandilidwe kuchipatala kwakanthawi kosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi thanzi lawo, komabe, nthawi zina, mwanayo amatha kulandira chithandizo masana ndikubwerera kunyumba kumapeto.

Mukamalandira chithandizo, zimakhala zachilendo kuti mwana asamachite nseru komanso kusagaya bwino chakudya, choncho onani momwe mungapewere kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba kwa mwana yemwe amalandira khansa.

Thandizo kwa ana omwe ali ndi khansa

Chithandizo cha khansa yaubwana kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuthandizira kwamaganizidwe a mwanayo komanso banja lenilenilo, chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala achisoni, opanduka komanso owopa imfa, kuphatikiza pakukumana ndi zosintha zomwe zimachitika mthupi, monga kutaya tsitsi ndi kutupa Mwachitsanzo.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti:

• Yamikani mwanayo tsiku lililonse, kunena kuti ndi wokongola;
• Tcherani khutu kwa mwanayo, kumvetsera madandaulo ake ndikusewera naye;
• Perekezani mwana kuchipatala, kukhala pambali pake panthawi yochita zamankhwala;
• Lolani mwanayo apite kusukulu, ngati kuli kotheka;
• Muzicheza nawo kwambirindi abale ndi abwenzi.

Kuti mudziwe momwe mungathandizire mwana wanu kukhala ndi khansa werengani: Momwe mungamuthandizire mwana wanu kuthana ndi khansa.