Khansa Ya Pakhungu

Zamkati

• Onaninso za

Khansara yapakhungu ndi khansa yomwe imapangika m'minyewa yapakhungu. Mu 2008, panali anthu pafupifupi 1 miliyoni (nonmelanoma) omwe amapezeka ndi khansa yapakhungu yomwe imapezeka ndipo amwalira pansi pa 1,000. Pali mitundu ingapo ya khansa yapakhungu:

• Matenda a khansa yapakhungu amatuluka m'matope a khungu (khungu la khungu lomwe limapanga khungu)

• Basal cell carcinoma imapangika m'maselo a basal (maselo ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira pansi pa khungu lakunja).

• squamous cell carcinoma amapangidwa m'maselo otukuka (maselo atambalala omwe amapanga khungu)

• Mitundu ya Neuroendocrine carcinoma m'maselo a neuroendocrine (maselo omwe amamasula mahomoni poyankha zizindikiro kuchokera ku dongosolo lamanjenje)

Khansa yambiri yapakhungu imapangika mwa okalamba mbali zina za thupi zomwe zimawonetsedwa ndi dzuwa kapena mwa anthu omwe afooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kupewa koyambirira ndikofunikira.

Za khungu

Khungu ndilo chiwalo chachikulu kwambiri mthupi. Zimateteza kutentha, kuwala, kuvulala, ndi matenda. Zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi. Amasunga madzi ndi mafuta. Khungu limapanganso vitamini D.

Khungu lili ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu:

• Epidermis. Epidermis ndi gawo lapamwamba la khungu. Amapangidwa ndimaselo athyathyathya. Pansi pa ma cell a squamous mkatikati mwa epidermis pali maselo ozungulira omwe amatchedwa basal cell. Maselo otchedwa melanocytes amapanga pigment (mtundu) womwe umapezeka pakhungu ndipo umakhala kumunsi kwa epidermis.

• Dermis. Dermis ili pansi pa epidermis. Lili ndi mitsempha ya magazi, mitsempha ya mitsempha, ndi zotupa. Ena mwa tiziwalo timeneti amatulutsa thukuta, lomwe limathandiza kuti thupi lizizizira. Zotupa zina zimapanga sebum. Sebum ndi chinthu chamafuta chomwe chimathandiza kuti khungu lisaume. Thukuta ndi sebum zimafikira pakhungu kudzera titseko tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatchedwa pores.

Kumvetsetsa khansa yapakhungu

Khansa yapakhungu imayamba m'maselo, zomangira zomwe zimapanga khungu. Nthawi zambiri, khungu limakula ndikugawana ndikupanga maselo atsopano. Tsiku lililonse maselo a khungu amakalamba ndi kufa, ndipo maselo atsopano amatenga malo awo.

Nthawi zina, ndondomekoyi imayenda molakwika. Maselo atsopano amapangidwa pamene khungu siliwafuna, ndipo maselo akale samafa pamene ayenera. Maselo owonjezerawa amatha kupanga unyinji wa minofu yotchedwa kukula kapena chotupa.

Kukula kapena zotupa zitha kukhala zoyipa kapena zoyipa:

• Kukula kwa Benign si khansa:

o Kukula bwino nthawi zambiri sikuyika moyo pachiswe.

o Nthawi zambiri, zophuka zabwino zimatha kuchotsedwa. Nthawi zambiri samakula.

o Maselo ochokera ku zophuka bwino salowa mu minyewa yowazungulira.

Maselo obwera chifukwa chosaoneka bwino satambasukira mbali zina za thupi.

• Ziphuphu zazikulu ndi khansa:

o Zomera zowopsa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowopsa kuposa zophukira bwino. Atha kukhala owopsa. Komabe, mitundu iwiri yofala kwambiri ya khansa yapakhungu imapha pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa zikwi zilizonse omwe amwalira ndi khansa.

o Zomera zowopsa nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchotsedwa. Koma nthawi zina amakulanso.

o Maselo owopsa amatha kulowa ndikuwononga minofu ndi ziwalo zapafupi.

Maselo obwera ndi zilonda zoyipa amatha kufalikira mbali zina za thupi. Kufalikira kwa khansa kumatchedwa metastasis.

Mitundu iwiri ya khansa yapakhungu yofala kwambiri ndi khansa ya basal cell ndi squamous cell cancer. Khansara imeneyi nthawi zambiri imapezeka pamutu, kumaso, m’khosi, m’manja, ndi m’manja, koma khansa yapakhungu imatha kuchitika kulikonse.

• Khansa yapakhungu yapakhungu yayikulu imakula pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'malo akhungu omwe akhala padzuwa. Ndiwofala kwambiri pankhope. Khansara ya basal cell sikawirikawiri imafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

• Khansa ya khungu la squamous cell imapezekanso m'malo ena akhungu omwe akhala padzuwa. Koma zingakhalenso m’malo amene kulibe dzuwa. Khansa yamagulu yama squamous nthawi zina imafalikira kumatenda am'magazi ndi ziwalo mkati mwa thupi.

Khansara yapakhunguyo ikafalikira kuchoka pamalo ake oyamba kupita ku mbali ina ya thupi, kansalu katsopanoko kamakhala ndi maselo achilendo ofanana ndi amene amakula. Imatchedwa khansa yapakhungu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Madokotala sangathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake munthu wina amadwala khansa yapakhungu pomwe wina samatero. Koma kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zingawopsyezeke amakhala ndi khansa yapakhungu kuposa ena. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Magetsi a ultraviolet (UV) amachokera ku dzuwa, zowunikira dzuwa, mabedi osokerera, kapena malo obisalirapo. Kuopsa kwa khansa yapakhungu kumakhudzana ndi kuwonetseredwa ndi UV. Khansa yapakhungu yambiri imapezeka atakwanitsa zaka 50, koma dzuwa limawononga khungu kuyambira ali mwana.

UV radiation imakhudza aliyense. Koma anthu omwe ali ndi khungu loyera lomwe limakhwinyata kapena kuwotcha mosavuta ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Anthuwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi tsitsi lofiira kapena lofiirira komanso maso opepuka. Koma ngakhale anthu amene amatentha khungu amatha kudwala khansa yapakhungu.

Anthu amene amakhala m’madera amene dzuwa limatentha kwambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi khansa yapakhungu. Ku United States, madera akummwera (monga Texas ndi Florida) amapeza kuwala kwa UV kuposa madera akumpoto (monga Minnesota). Komanso, anthu omwe amakhala kumapiri amatenga ma radiation ambiri.

Kumbukirani: Ma radiation a UV amapezeka ngakhale nyengo yozizira kapena tsiku la mitambo.

• Zipsera kapena zoyaka pakhungu

• Kutenga matenda a kachilombo ka papilloma

• Kutupa pakhungu kosatha kapena zilonda zapakhungu

• Matenda amene amapangitsa khungu kukhala tcheru kudzuwa, monga xeroderma pigmentosum, albinism, ndi basal cell nevus syndrome.

• Chithandizo cha radiation

• Matenda kapena mankhwala omwe amalepheretsa chitetezo cha mthupi

• Mbiri yanu ya khansa imodzi kapena zingapo za khungu

• Mbiri ya banja la khansa yapakhungu

• Actinic keratosis ndi mtundu wokula msanga pakhungu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamadera omwe ali ndi dzuwa, makamaka kumaso ndi kumbuyo kwa manja. Zotupazo zingawoneke ngati zigamba zofiira kapena zofiirira pakhungu. Amawonekeranso ngati akusweka kapena kung'amba pakamwa chapansi komwe sikachira. Popanda chithandizo, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kameneka kangasinthe kukhala khansa ya squamous cell.

• Matenda a Bowen, mtundu wa zigamba kapena zokhuthala pakhungu, zimatha kukhala khansa yapakhungu ya squamous cell.

Ngati wina ali ndi khansa yapakhungu kupatula khansa ya khansa, chiopsezo chopeza khansa yamtundu wina chitha kuwirikiza kawiri, mosasamala zaka, fuko kapena njira zina monga kusuta. Khansa yapakhungu yodziwika bwino kwambiri - basal cell ndi squamous cell carcinomas - nthawi zambiri imanenedwa kuti ndi yopanda vuto, koma itha kukhala ngati chenjezo loyambirira la khansa ya m'mawere, m'matumbo, m'mapapo, pachiwindi ndi m'mimba mwake, pakati pa ena. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kulumikizana kocheperako koma kofunikabe.

Zizindikiro

Khansa yambiri yapakhungu yam'magazi komanso squamous cell imatha kuchiritsidwa ikapezeka ndikuthandizidwa msanga.

Kusintha kwa khungu ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa yapakhungu. Izi zitha kukhala kukula kwatsopano, zilonda zomwe sizichira, kapena kusintha kwakukula kwakale. Si mitundu yonse ya khansa yapakhungu yomwe imawoneka chimodzimodzi. Kusintha kwa khungu kuti muyang'ane:

• Chotupa chaching'ono, chofewa, chonyezimira, chotuwa, kapena chotsuka

• Cholimba, chofiira chofiira

• Zilonda kapena zotupa zomwe zimatuluka magazi kapena kutuluka kutumphuka kapena nkhanambo

• Malo ofiira ofiira omwe ndi opyapyala, owuma, kapena owamba ndipo akhoza kuyabwa kapena kutetemera

• Chigawo chofiira kapena chofiirira chomwe ndi chopyapyala komanso chopindika

Nthawi zina khansa yapakhungu imakhala yowawa, koma nthawi zambiri simakhala.

Nthawi ndi nthawi kuyang'ana khungu lanu ngati pali zophuka zatsopano kapena kusintha kwina ndi lingaliro labwino. Kumbukirani kuti kusintha si chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha khansa yapakhungu. Komabe, muyenera kufotokozera zosintha zanu nthawi zonse kuchipatala. Mungafunikire kuonana ndi dermatologist, dokotala yemwe ali ndi maphunziro apadera pa matenda ndi kuchiza matenda a khungu.

Matendawa

Ngati muli ndi kusintha pakhungu, dokotala ayenera kudziwa ngati ndi chifukwa cha khansa kapena chifukwa china. Dokotala wanu adzachita biopsy, kuchotsa zonse kapena gawo la dera lomwe silikuwoneka bwino. Chitsanzocho chimapita ku labu komwe wodwala amafufuza pansi pa microscope. Biopsy ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira khansa yapakhungu.

Pali mitundu inayi yodziwika bwino ya khungu:

1.Punch biopsy - chida chakuthwa, chopanda kanthu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa minyewa yomwe ili pamalo osadziwika bwino.

2. Incisional biopsy--scalpel imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mbali ina yakukula.

3. Excisional biopsy - scalpel imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa kukula konse ndi minofu ina mozungulira.

4. Kumeta biopsy--chitsamba chopyapyala, chakuthwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumetetsa kukula kwachilendo.

Ngati biopsy ikuwonetsa kuti muli ndi khansa, dokotala wanu ayenera kudziwa kukula kwa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri, adokotala amatha kuwona ma lymph node anu kuti adziwe khansa.

Sitejiyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi:

Kukula kwa kukula

* Zakula mozama bwanji pansi pa khungu lapamwamba

* Kaya yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes pafupi kapena mbali zina za thupi

Magawo a khansa yapakhungu:

* Gawo 0: Khansara imangokhala gawo limodzi lokha la khungu. Ndi carcinoma in situ.

* Gawo I: Kukula kwake ndi mainchesi 2 m'lifupi (magawo atatu mwa inchi) kapena ocheperako.

* Gawo II: Kukula ndi kwakukulu kuposa 2 centimita m'lifupi (magawo atatu a inchi).

* Gawo lachitatu: Khansara yafalikira pansi pa khungu mpaka ku cartilage, minofu, fupa, kapena ma lymph node apafupi. Sinafalikire m'malo ena mthupi.

Stage IV: Khansara yafalikira m'malo ena mthupi.

Nthawi zina khansa yonse imachotsedwa panthawi ya biopsy. Zikatero, sipafunikanso chithandizo. Ngati mukufunikira chithandizo chochulukirapo, dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zomwe mungachite.

Chithandizo

Kuchiza kwa khansa yapakhungu kumadalira mtundu ndi siteji ya matendawa, kukula kwake ndi malo ake, komanso thanzi lanu ndi mbiri yachipatala. Nthawi zambiri, cholinga cha chithandizo ndi kuchotsa kapena kuwononga khansa yonse.

Opaleshoni ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yapakhungu. Khansara yapakhungu yambiri imatha kuchotsedwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Nthawi zina, adotolo amatha kunena zamankhwala apakhungu, mankhwala opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, kapena chithandizo chama radiation.

Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni yothandizira khansa yapakhungu kumatha kuchitidwa mwanjira zingapo. Njira yomwe dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito imadalira kukula ndi malo akukulira ndi zina.

• Opaleshoni yochotsa khungu ndi njira yodziwika bwino yochotsera khansa yapakhungu. Pambuyo pochititsa dzanzi malowo, dokotalayo amachotsa chophukacho ndi scalpel. Dokotalayo amachotsanso malire a khungu mozungulira kukula. Khungu ili ndilo malire. Malire amayesedwa pansi pa microscope kuti atsimikizire kuti maselo onse a khansa achotsedwa. Kukula kwa malire kumadalira kukula kwake.

• Opaleshoni ya Mohs (yotchedwanso Mohs micrographic surgery) nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yapakhungu. Dera lokuliralo ndilopanda pake. Dokotala wochita opaleshoniyo amameta ubweya wochepawo. Mzere uliwonse umayesedwa nthawi yomweyo ndi microscope. Dokotalayo akupitirizabe kumeta minofu mpaka palibe maselo a khansa omwe angawoneke pansi pa microscope. Mwanjira imeneyi, dokotalayo amatha kuchotsa khansa yonse komanso minofu yaing'ono yathanzi.

• Electrodesiccation ndi curetage nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa khansa yaying'ono yapakhungu yapakhungu. Dokotala amasiya dzanzi m'deralo kuti amuthandize. Khansara imachotsedwa ndi curette, chida chakuthwa chooneka ngati supuni. Mphamvu yamagetsi imatumizidwa kuderalo kuti muchepetse magazi komanso kupha maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe atsala. Electrodesiccation ndi curettage nthawi zambiri ndi njira yachangu komanso yosavuta.

• Cryosurgery nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe sangathe kuchitidwa maopareshoni amtundu wina. Amagwiritsa ntchito kuzizira kwambiri pochiza msanga kapena khansa yapakhungu yoonda kwambiri. Nitrogeni wamadzimadzi amachititsa kuzizira. Dokotala amapaka nayitrogeni wamadzi pakukula kwa khungu. Mankhwalawa amatha kupangitsa kutupa. Zingathenso kuwononga mitsempha, zomwe zingayambitse kutaya kumverera m'dera lowonongeka.

• Opaleshoni ya laser imagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kocheperako kuchotsa kapena kuwononga maselo a khansa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zophuka zomwe zili pakhungu lakunja kokha.

Zojambula nthawi zina zimafunika kutseka chotupa pakhungu lomwe lasiyidwa ndi opaleshoni. Dokotalayo amayamba dzanzi kenako amachotsa khungu lathanzi mbali ina ya thupi, monga ntchafu yakumtunda. Chigamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba komwe khansa yapakhungu idachotsedwa. Ngati mwalumikizidwa ndi khungu, mungafunikire kusamalira malowa mpaka atachira.

Post-op

Nthawi yomwe amachira atachitidwa opaleshoni ndi yosiyana ndi munthu aliyense. Mutha kukhala osamasuka kwa masiku angapo oyamba. Komabe, mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa ululu. Musanachite opareshoni, muyenera kukambirana zaumoyo wanu ndi dokotala kapena namwino. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, dokotala wanu akhoza kusintha ndondomekoyi.

Nthawi zambiri opaleshoni imasiya mtundu wina wa zipsera. Kukula ndi mtundu wa chilondacho zimadalira kukula kwa khansa, mtundu wa opareshoni, komanso khungu lanu.

Pa mtundu uliwonse wa opareshoni, kuphatikiza zolumikizira khungu kapena opaleshoni yomangidwanso, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala pakusamba, kumeta, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kapena zina.

Matenda apamwamba a chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha khansa kupha ma cell a khansa yapakhungu. Mankhwala akaikidwa molunjika pakhungu, chithandizocho chimakhala chemotherapy. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri khansa yapakhungu ikakhala yayikulu kwambiri kuti ichitidwe opaleshoni. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati dokotala akupitiliza kupeza khansa yatsopano.

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amabwera mu kirimu kapena mafuta odzola. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu kamodzi kapena kawiri pa tsiku kwa milungu ingapo. Mankhwala otchedwa fluorouracil (5-FU) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yapansi yama cell ndi squamous cell yomwe ili pamwamba pakhungu lokha. Mankhwala otchedwa imiquimod amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza khansa ya basal cell yomwe ili pamwamba pa khungu.

Mankhwalawa atha kupangitsa khungu lanu kukhala lofiira kapena lotupa. Ikhozanso kuyabwa, kupweteka, kutuluka, kapena kuyambitsa zidzolo. Zitha kukhala zowawa kapena kumva dzuwa. Kusintha kwa khungu kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumachoka mankhwala akatha. Matenda apamwamba a chemotherapy nthawi zambiri samasiya chilonda. Ngati khungu labwino limakhala lofiira kwambiri kapena lofiira pamene khansa ya khungu imachiritsidwa, dokotala wanu akhoza kusiya mankhwala.

Thandizo la Photodynamic

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala limodzi ndi magetsi ena apadera, monga kuwala kwa laser, kupha ma cell a khansa. Mankhwalawa ndi photosensitizing agent. Kirimu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu kapena mankhwalawo amabayidwa. Imakhala m'maselo a khansa nthawi yayitali kuposa maselo abwinobwino. Maola angapo kapena masiku angapo pambuyo pake, kuunika kwapadera kumayang'ana pakukula. Mankhwalawa amayamba kugwira ntchito ndikuwononga maselo a khansa omwe ali pafupi.

PDT imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa pafupi kapena pafupi ndi khungu.

Zotsatira za PDT nthawi zambiri sizowopsa. PDT ikhoza kuyambitsa kupweteka kapena kupweteka. Zingayambitsenso kuyaka, kutupa, kapena redness. Ikhoza kuwononga minofu yathanzi pafupi ndi kukula. Ngati muli ndi PDT, muyenera kupewa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kuwala kwamkati mkati mwa masabata osachepera asanu ndi limodzi mutalandira chithandizo.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Thandizo la radiation (lomwe limatchedwanso radiotherapy) limagwiritsa ntchito cheza champhamvu kupha ma cell a khansa. Cheza chimachokera pamakina akulu kunja kwa thupi. Iwo amakhudza maselo okha ankachitira m`dera. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala muyezo umodzi kapena mankhwala ambiri kwa milungu ingapo.

Poizoniyu si mankhwala wamba a khansa yapakhungu. Koma itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati khansa yapakhungu m'malo omwe opaleshoni ingakhale yovuta kapena kusiya chilonda choipa. Mutha kukhala ndi chithandizochi ngati mukukula pakhungu, khutu, kapena mphuno. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati khansa ibwerera pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti ichotse.

Zotsatira zoyipa zimadalira makamaka kuchuluka kwa radiation ndi gawo la thupi lanu lomwe limachiritsidwa. Mukamalandira chithandizo khungu lanu lomwe mumachiritsidwa limatha kukhala lofiira, louma komanso lofewa. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukupatsani njira zochepetsera zovuta za radiation therapy.

Chithandizo chotsatira

Chithandizo chotsatira mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa yapakhungu ndikofunikira. Dokotala wanu adzayang'anitsitsa kuchira kwanu ndikuyang'ana khansa yatsopano ya khungu. Khansara yapakhungu yatsopano ndiyofala kwambiri kuposa kufalikira kwa khansa yapakhungu. Kupimidwa pafupipafupi kumathandiza kuwonetsetsa kuti kusintha kulikonse paumoyo wanu kumazindikirika ndikuthandizidwa ngati kuli kofunikira. Pakati paulendo wokonzekera, muyenera kuyang'ana khungu lanu pafupipafupi. Lumikizanani ndi dokotala mukawona chilichonse chachilendo. M’pofunikanso kutsatira malangizo a dokotala okhudza mmene mungachepetsere chiopsezo chotenganso khansa yapakhungu.

Momwe mungadziyesere pakhungu

Dokotala wanu kapena namwino angakuuzeni kuti muzidziyeza nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati muli ndi khansa yapakhungu, kuphatikizapo melanoma.

Nthawi yabwino yochitira mayesowa ndi mukatha kusamba kapena kusamba. Muyenera kuyang'ana khungu lanu mchipinda chokhala ndi kuwala kochuluka. Gwiritsani ntchito galasi lalitali komanso lamanja. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuphunzira kumene zizindikiro zanu zobadwira, timadontho ting'onoting'ono, ndi zizindikiro zina ndi maonekedwe awo ndi momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse.

Yang'anani china chatsopano:

* Mole yatsopano (yomwe imawoneka yosiyana ndi ma moles ena)

* Chigawo chatsopano chofiira kapena chakuda chowoneka bwino chomwe chingakwezeke pang'ono

* Chiphuphu cholimba chamtundu watsopano

* Kusintha kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu, kapena mawonekedwe a mole

* Zowawa zomwe sizichiritsa

Dziyang'anireni kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumapazi. Musaiwale kuyang'ana kumbuyo kwanu, kumutu, kumaliseche, ndi pakati pa matako anu.

* Yang'anani nkhope yanu, khosi, makutu, ndi khungu. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chisa kapena chowumitsira tsitsi kuti muzitha kuwona bwino. Mwinanso mungafune kuti wachibale kapena bwenzi ayang'ane tsitsi lanu. Zingakhale zovuta kuyang'ana m'mutu mwanu nokha.

* Yang'anani kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa thupi lanu pagalasi. Kenako, kwezani manja anu ndikuyang'ana kumanzere ndi kumanja.

* Pindani zigongono zanu. Yang'anani mosamala zikhadabo zanu, zikhato, manja anu (kuphatikiza pansi), ndi manja anu akumtunda.

* Fufuzani kumbuyo, kutsogolo, ndi mbali za miyendo yanu. Komanso yang'anani mozungulira maliseche anu komanso pakati pa matako anu.

* Khalani pansi ndikuyang'anitsitsa mapazi anu, kuphatikizapo zala zanu zazing'ono, mapazi anu, ndi malo pakati pa zala zanu.

Mukamayang'ana khungu lanu pafupipafupi, muphunzira zomwe zimakhala zachilendo kwa inu. Kungakhale kothandiza kulemba madeti a mayeso a khungu lanu ndikulemba zolemba za momwe khungu lanu limawonekera. Ngati dokotala watenga zithunzi za khungu lanu, mutha kuyerekezera khungu lanu ndi zithunzi kuti zithandizire kusintha zosintha. Mukapeza chilichonse chachilendo, pitani kuchipatala.

Kupewa

Njira yabwino yopewera khansa yapakhungu ndiyo kudziteteza ku dzuwa. Komanso, tetezani ana kuyambira ali aang'ono. Madokotala amanena kuti anthu amisinkhu yonse amachepetsa nthawi yawo yocheza ndi dzuwa komanso kupewa zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi cheza cha UV:

• Ndibwino kuti muzikhala kunja kwa dzuwa masana (kuyambira pakati pa m'mawa mpaka madzulo) nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungakwanitse. Magetsi a UV ndi olimba pakati pa 10 am mpaka 4 koloko masana. Muyeneranso kudziteteza ku ma radiation a UV omwe amawonetsedwa ndi mchenga, madzi, chisanu, ndi ayezi. Ma radiation a UV amatha kudutsa mu zovala zopepuka, zowonera kutsogolo, mazenera, ndi mitambo.

• Gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa tsiku lililonse. Pafupifupi anthu 80 pa 100 alionse amakhala padzuwa nthawi zonse. Zodzitetezera ku dzuwa zitha kuteteza khansa yapakhungu, makamaka zoteteza khungu loteteza ku dzuwa (kusefa kuwala kwa UVB ndi UVA) yokhala ndi zoteteza ku dzuwa (SPF) osachepera 15. Kumbukirani, nanunso kuti mumayang'aniridwa ndi cheza cha UV masiku amvula: Ngakhale patsiku lakuda, kwamvula, 20 mpaka 30 peresenti ya cheza cha UV chimalowa m'mitambo. Patsiku lamvula, 60 mpaka 70 peresenti imadutsa, ndipo ngati kungokhala kopanda pake, pafupifupi ma radiation onse a UV adzafika kwa inu.

• Ikani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa kumanja. Choyamba onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito yokwanira - ounsi imodzi (galasi lowombera lodzaza) thupi lanu lonse. Sonkhanitsani mphindi 30 musanafike padzuwa. Musaiwale kuphimba malo omwe anthu nthawi zambiri amaphonya: milomo, manja, makutu, ndi mphuno. Gwiritsani ntchito maola awiri aliwonse - tsiku limodzi pagombe muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito botolo la theka la 8 ounce nokha - koma chotsani kaye poyamba; madzi amatsitsa SPF.

• Valani manja atali ndi thalauza lalitali la nsalu zolimba ndi mitundu yakuda. T-sheti ya thonje yabuluu yakuda, mwachitsanzo, ili ndi UPF ya 10, pomwe yoyera imakhala ya 7. Kumbukirani kuti ngati zovala zanyowa, chitetezo chimatsika ndi theka. Sankhani chipewa chokhala ndi mlomo waukulu-- chomwe chili pafupifupi mainchesi 2 mpaka 3 kuzungulira - ndi magalasi omwe amamwa UV. Muthanso kuyesa zovala za UPF. Imathandizidwa ndi zokutira zapadera kuti zithandizire kuyamwa cheza cha UVA ndi UVB. Monga ndi SPF, kukwera kwa UPF (kumakhala pakati pa 15 mpaka 50+), ndikomwe kumateteza.

• Sankhani magalasi owoneka bwino omwe amalembedwa kuti aletse 99% yama radiation; si onse omwe amachita. Magalasi ochulukirapo amateteza khungu losakhwima pafupi ndi maso anu, osanenapo za maso anu (Kuwonetsedwa ndi UV kumatha kuyambitsa kupwetekedwa mtima ndikuwonongeka kwamaso mtsogolo).

• Khalani kutali ndi nyali za dzuwa ndi malo otenthetsera khungu.

• Yendetsani. Ofufuza ku Rutgers University adawonetsa kuti mbewa zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zochepa kuposa omwe amangokhala, ndipo akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti zomwezi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa anthu. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, mwina kuthandiza thupi kudziteteza bwino ku khansa.

Zosinthidwa mwa zina kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov)

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