Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khansa ya Malilime

Zamkati

• Chidule
• Masitepe ndi magiredi
• Zithunzi za khansa yamalilime
• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa ndipo ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Kodi zitha kupewedwa?
• Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Chidule

Khansa ya lilime ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo a lilime, ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zilonda kapena zotupa palilime lanu. Ndi mtundu wa khansa ya mutu ndi khosi.

Khansara ya lilime imatha kupezeka kutsogolo kwa lilime, lomwe limatchedwa "khansa yam'kamwa." Kapenanso zitha kuchitika pansi pa lilime, pafupi pomwe pamamatira pakamwa pako. Izi zimatchedwa "khansa ya oropharyngeal."

Squamous cell carcinoma ndiye mtundu wodziwika bwino wa khansa yamalilime. Khansa yamtunduwu imachitika:

• pankhope pa khungu
• m'kamwa, mphuno, kholingo, chithokomiro, ndi pakhosi
• m'mbali mwa mathirakiti opuma ndi kugaya chakudya

Ziwalo zonsezi za thupi zimakutidwa ndimaselo oopsa.

Masitepe ndi magiredi

Khansa ya lilime imagawidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo ndi magiredi. Sitejiyi ikuwonetsa momwe khansara yafalikira. Gawo lirilonse liri ndi magawo atatu omwe angakhalepo:

• T amatanthauza kukula kwa chotupacho. Chotupa chaching'ono ndi T1 ndipo chotupa chachikulu ndi T4.
• N amatanthauza kuti khansara yafalikira kapena ayi m'mitsempha yam'mitsempha. N0 amatanthauza kuti khansara siinafalikire, pomwe N3 amatanthauza kuti yafalikira kuma lymph node ambiri.
• M amatanthauza ngati pali metastases (zopitilira zina) m'malo ena amthupi kapena ayi.

Mulingo wa khansa umatanthawuza momwe umakhalira wankhanza komanso momwe ungafalikire. Khansa ya lilime ikhoza kukhala:

• otsika (akukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo sangawoneke)
• moyenera
• okwera (mwamakani kwambiri ndipo atha kufalikira)

Zithunzi za khansa yamalilime

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Kumayambiriro kwa khansa yamalilime, makamaka khansa m'munsi mwa lilime, mwina simungazindikire zizindikiro zilizonse. Chizindikiro choyambirira kwambiri cha khansa ya lilime ndi chilonda pakulankhula kwanu chomwe sichichira komanso chomwe chimatuluka magazi mosavuta. Muthanso kuzindikira kupweteka pakamwa kapena lilime.

Zizindikiro zina za khansa ya lilime ndizo:

• chigamba chofiira kapena choyera pa lilime lanu chomwe chimapitilira
• chilonda cham'mimba chomwe chimapitilira
• ululu mukameza
• dzanzi pakamwa
• zilonda zapakhosi zomwe zimapitirira
• kutuluka magazi kuchokera pakamwa pako popanda chifukwa chilichonse
• chotupa pa lilime lako chomwe chimapitirira

Nchiyani chimayambitsa ndipo ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamalilime sizikudziwika. Komabe, machitidwe ena ndi zikhalidwe zina zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo chanu, kuphatikiza:

• kusuta kapena kutafuna fodya
• kumwa kwambiri
• kutenga kachilombo ka papillomavirus (HPV), matenda opatsirana pogonana
• kutafuna betel, komwe kumafala makamaka kum'mwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia
• Mbiri ya banja la lilime kapena khansa zina zam'kamwa
• mbiri yaokha ya khansa ina, monga khansa zina zotchedwa squamous cell
• kusadya bwino (pali kuti kudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zonse zam'kamwa)
• ukhondo wam'kamwa (kukwiya kosalekeza kuchokera m'mano opindika kapena mano ovekera bwino kumakulitsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya lilime)

Khansa ya lilime imafalanso kwambiri mwa amuna achikulire kuposa azimayi kapena achichepere. Khansa yapakamwa imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 55.

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Kuti mupeze khansa yamalilime, dokotala wanu ayamba kaye adwala. Adzakufunsani za banja lililonse kapena mbiri ya khansa, ngati mumasuta kapena mumamwa komanso kuchuluka kwake, komanso ngati mwayesedwapo kachilombo ka HPV. Kenako adzakuyesa pakamwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa, monga zilonda zosapola. Awonanso ma lymph node apafupi, kuti aone ngati pali zotupa.

Ngati dokotala akuwona zizindikiro zilizonse za khansa yamalilime, amalemba mozungulira komwe akukayikira kuti ali ndi khansa. Biopsy yosazindikirika ndi mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mu biopsy yamtunduwu, dokotala wanu achotsa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka khansa yomwe akukayikira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pansi pa anesthesia yakomweko kuofesi ya dokotala wanu.

M'malo mofotokozera mwachidule, dokotala wanu akhoza kupanga mtundu watsopano wa biopsy wotchedwa brush biopsy. Mu biopsy iyi, amapukusa burashi yaying'ono kudera lomwe akukayikira kuti ali ndi khansa. Izi zimayambitsa magazi pang'ono ndipo amalola dokotala wanu kuti asonkhanitse maselo kuti akayesedwe.

Maselo amtundu uliwonse wa biopsy amatumizidwa ku labu kuti akaunike. Ngati muli ndi khansa ya lilime, dokotala wanu atha kupanga CT scan kapena MRI kuti awone momwe imakulira komanso momwe imafalikira.

Amachizidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa yamalilime chimatengera kukula kwa chotupacho komanso momwe khansa yayambira. Mutha kungofuna chithandizo chimodzi kapena mungafunike mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Khansa yam'kamwa yoyambirira yomwe siinafalikire imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opareshoni yaying'ono kuti ichotse dera lomwe lakhudzidwa. Zotupa zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuchotsedwa ndi opareshoni yotchedwa glossectomy, yomwe mbali ina ya lilime imachotsedwa.

Ngati madokotala atulutsa chidutswa chachikulu cha lilime lanu, mutha kuchitidwa opaleshoni yomanganso. Pochita opaleshoniyi, dokotala wanu amatenga chidutswa cha khungu kapena minofu kuchokera mbali ina ya thupi lanu ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kumanganso lilime. Cholinga cha opaleshoni ya glossectomy ndi kumanganso ndikuchotsa khansa pomwe mukuwononga pakamwa panu momwe mungathere.

Glossectomy imatha kubweretsa zovuta zoyipa, kuphatikiza momwe mumadyera, kupuma, kuyankhula, komanso kumeza. Thandizo la kulankhula lingakuthandizeni kuphunzira kusintha kuzosinthazi. Kuphatikiza apo, chithandizo chamankhwala chingakuthandizeni kupirira.

Ngati khansara yafalikira ku ma lymph node anu, amatha kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.

Ngati muli ndi chotupa chachikulu pakamwa panu kapena khansara yafalikira, mungafunikire kukhala ndi opareshoni yosakanikirana kuti muchotse chotupacho ndi radiation kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma cell onse a chotupa achotsedwa kapena kuphedwa. Izi zitha kubweretsa zovuta monga pakamwa pouma komanso kusintha kwa kukoma.

Madokotala amathanso kulangiza chemotherapy yothandizira khansa yanu, kuphatikiza ndi opaleshoni komanso / kapena radiation.

Kodi zitha kupewedwa?

Mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa ya lilime popewa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya lilime, komanso posamalira pakamwa panu. Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu:

• osasuta kapena kutafuna fodya
• osamwa, kapena kumwa mwa apo ndi apo
• osatafuna betel
• pezani katemera wathunthu wa HPV
• kuchita zogonana motetezeka, makamaka kugonana m'kamwa
• Phatikizani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri pazakudya zanu
• onetsetsani kuti mukutsuka mano tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuwombera nthawi zonse
• kukaonana ndi dokotala wa mano kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngati zingatheke

Maganizo ake ndi otani?

Zaka zisanu zapakati pa khansa yamalilime (yomwe ikufanizira kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndi chiyembekezero cha kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe alibe khansa) zimatengera gawo la khansa. Ngati khansara yafalikira patali, zaka zisanu kupulumuka kwake ndi 36 peresenti. Ngati khansara yakhala ikufalikira kwanuko (mwachitsanzo, ma lymph node m'khosi), kupulumuka kwake ndi 63 peresenti. Ngati khansara siinafalikire kupyola lilime, zaka zisanu kupulumuka komweko ndi 78 peresenti.

Monga momwe ziwerengero za kupulumuka zikuwonetsera, kuzindikira koyambirira kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Mukazindikira msanga, khansa imatha kuchiritsidwa khansa isanayambike. Ngati muli ndi chotupa, zilonda, kapena zilonda pa lilime lanu zomwe sizimatha patapita nthawi yayitali, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu. Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa khansa yamalilime kumapereka chithandizo chamankhwala ambiri, osakhala ndi zotsatirapo zochepa, komanso kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu.