Chithandizo Chapamwamba cha Khansa ya M'mawere ndi Kafukufuku: Zomwe zili pafupi?

Zamkati

• Njira zochiritsira
• Mankhwalawa ali pafupi
• Mankhwala a anti-angiogenesis
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Chitetezo chamatenda
• PI3 kinase inhibitors
• Kuneneratu kopitilira muyeso ndikuwunika
• Kuchita nawo mayesero azachipatala

Khansa ya m'mawere imatha kuchiritsidwa, koma nthawi zambiri sichitha. Pakadali pano, zolinga zamankhwala zikuphatikiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo zanu, kukonza moyo wanu, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wanu.

Chithandizochi chimaphatikizapo mankhwala a mahomoni, chemotherapy, chithandizo chofunikira, kapena kuphatikiza izi.

Nawa ena mwa mankhwala apano ndi amtsogolo omwe mungayembekezere kumva ngati mwalandira matenda opatsirana a khansa ya m'mawere.

Njira zochiritsira

Ochita kafukufuku apanga mankhwala angapo atsopano omwe amalimbana ndi kusintha kwamaselo. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti maselo a khansa akule ndikufalikira mwachangu. Izi ndizosiyana ndi chemotherapy, yomwe imalimbitsa maselo onse omwe amakula mwachangu, kuphatikiza ma cell a khansa ndi maselo athanzi.

Ambiri mwa mankhwalawa akuvomerezedwa kuti athetse khansa ya m'mawere. Ena akuwerengedwa m'mayesero azachipatala, ndipo ena ambiri akuyesedwa koyambirira.

Zitsanzo zina zamankhwala omwe akhudzidwa ndi awa:

• Lapatinib (Tykerb). Mankhwalawa ndi tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Zimagwira ntchito poletsa ma enzyme omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwama cell. Amapezeka ngati mapiritsi omwe mumamwa tsiku lililonse kuti muzitha kulandira khansa ya m'mawere. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala enaake a chemotherapy kapena othandizira mahomoni.
• Neratinib (Nerlynx). Mankhwalawa amavomerezedwa kuti athetse khansa ya m'mawere yoyambirira ya HER2. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti zitha kuthandizanso pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
• Olaparib (Lynparza). Mankhwalawa amavomerezedwa ku khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2-hasi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Zamgululi kusintha kwa majini. Amapezeka ngati mapiritsi a tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ma CDK4 / 6 inhibitors ndi gulu lina la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mankhwalawa amaletsa mapuloteni ena omwe amathandiza kuti maselo a khansa akule. Abemaciclib (Verzenio), palbociclib (Ibrance), ndi ribociclib (Kisqali) ndi CDK4 / 6 inhibitors omwe avomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuti azitha kulandira khansa ya m'mawere. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala a mahomoni kuthana ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya HR-positive ndi HER2-metastatic.

Mankhwalawa ali pafupi

Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti athetse khansa ya m'mawere, koma maphunziro akuchitikabe kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe ma cell a khansa ndi kusintha kwa majini kumagwirira ntchito. Pansipa pali mankhwala ena omwe akufufuzidwabe.

Mankhwala a anti-angiogenesis

Angiogenesis ndiyo njira yomwe mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi imapangidwira. Mankhwala a anti-angiogenesis adapangidwa kuti azidula magazi m'mitsempha. Izi zimachotsa ma cell a khansa magazi ofunikira kuti akule.

Mankhwala a anti-angiogenesis bevacizumab (Avastin) pakadali pano akuvomerezedwa ndi FDA kuti athetse khansa zina. Mankhwalawa adawonetsa kugwira ntchito kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi khansa yapakati ya m'mawere, koma a FDA adasiya kuvomereza kuti agwiritse ntchito mu 2011. Bevacizumab ndi mankhwala ena a anti-angiogenesis akupitilizabe kafukufuku wothandizira khansa ya m'mawere.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amafanana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, koma atha kukhala otsika mtengo. Ndi njira yothandiza yothandizira.

Mankhwala ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere akuphunzira. Mtundu wa biosimilar wa trastuzumab (Herceptin), mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndiye biosimilar yekha wovomerezeka kuvomereza khansa ya m'mawere ya HER2. Amatchedwa trastuzumab-dkst (Ogivri).

Chitetezo chamatenda

Immunotherapy ndi njira yothandizira yomwe imathandizira chitetezo chamthupi chokha pakuwononga ma cell a khansa.

Gulu limodzi la mankhwala a immunotherapy ndi PD1 / PD-L1 inhibitors. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) wavomerezedwa kuchiza khansa yamapapo. Akukumana ndi mayesero azachipatala kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

PI3 kinase inhibitors

Pulogalamu ya PIK3CA jini imathandizira kuwongolera PI3 kinase, enzyme yomwe imayambitsa zotupa. PI3 kinase inhibitors adapangidwa kuti asokoneze ndikuletsa kukula kwa enzyme ya P13. Izi zikuwerengedwa kuti zithandizire khansa ya m'mawere.

Kuneneratu kopitilira muyeso ndikuwunika

Tsoka ilo, anthu amatha kukana mankhwala ena a khansa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa asiye kugwira ntchito bwino. Ochita kafukufuku akupanga njira zatsopano zowunikira momwe odwala amamvera akamalandira chithandizo.

Kufufuza kwa chifuwa cha DNA (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti biopsy yamadzi) chikuwerengedwa ngati njira yothandizira othandizira. Ochita kafukufuku akuyesera kudziwa ngati mayesowa ndi othandiza pakuwunika odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndikudziwiratu momwe angayankhire.

Kuchita nawo mayesero azachipatala

Kutenga nawo gawo pazoyeserera zamankhwala kungathandize ofufuza kudziwa ngati mankhwala atsopano angagwire ntchito. Ngati mukufuna kulowa nawo, poyambira bwino ndi ClinicalTrials.gov, nkhokwe yosaka yamaphunziro omwe akulembedwera padziko lonse lapansi. Onaninso zoyeserera monga Metastatic Breast Cancer Project. Pulatifomuyi imagwirizanitsa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndi asayansi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo pofufuza zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani kuti muwone ngati kulowa nawo mayeso azachipatala kuli koyenera kwa inu.Amatha kukuthandizani kudziwa ngati ndinu oyenerera ndikukuthandizani kulembetsa.