Mphumu mwa ana

Mphumu ndi matenda omwe amapangitsa kuti mayendedwe ampweya afufume ndikuchepera. Zimayambitsa kupuma, kupuma movutikira, kufinya pachifuwa, ndi kutsokomola.

Mphumu imayambitsidwa ndi kutupa (kutupa) munjira zampweya. Mukamakumana ndi mphumu, minofu yomwe imazungulira ma airways imalimbika. Kulumikizana kwa mlengalenga kumafalikira. Zotsatira zake, mpweya wochepa umatha kudutsa.

Mphumu nthawi zambiri imawoneka mwa ana. Ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimasowa masiku akusukulu komanso kuchezera ana kuchipatala. Zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mphumu ndi gawo lalikulu la mphumu mwa ana. Mphumu ndi chifuwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika limodzi.

Kwa ana omwe ali ndi mpweya wovuta, zizindikiro za mphumu zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndikupuma zinthu zotchedwa ma allergen, kapena zoyambitsa.

Zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu ndi izi:

• Nyama (tsitsi kapena dander)
• Fumbi, nkhungu, ndi mungu
• Aspirin ndi mankhwala ena
• Kusintha kwa nyengo (nthawi zambiri kuzizira)
• Mankhwala mlengalenga kapena chakudya
• Utsi wa fodya
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Mphamvu zamphamvu
• Matenda a kachilombo, monga chimfine

Mavuto opumira amafala. Zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kumva kutuluka mpweya
• Kutulutsa mpweya
• Kuvuta kupuma (kutulutsa mpweya)
• Kupuma mwachangu kuposa zachilendo

Mwana akamavutika kupuma, khungu la chifuwa ndi khosi limatha kuyamwa kulowa mkati.

Zizindikiro zina za mphumu mwa ana ndizo:

• Kutsokomola komwe nthawi zina kumadzutsa mwanayo usiku (atha kukhala chizindikiro chokha).
• Matumba akuda pansi pamaso.
• Kumva kutopa.
• Kukwiya.
• Kulimba pachifuwa.
• Kulira kokometsa komwe kumapangidwa mukamapuma (kupuma). Mutha kuziwona kwambiri mwana akapuma.

Zizindikiro za mphumu za mwana wanu zimasiyana. Zizindikiro zimatha kuwonekera nthawi zambiri kapena zimangopanga pokhapokha ngati zoyambitsa zilipo. Ana ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro za mphumu usiku.

Wothandizira zaumoyo adzagwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kuti amvetsere mapapu a mwanayo. Woperekayo amatha kumva phokoso la mphumu. Komabe, mawu am'mapapo nthawi zambiri amakhala abwinobwino pamene mwana sakudwala mphumu.

Wosankhayo apangitsa mwanayo kupumira mu chida chotchedwa peak flow mita. Kutalika kwapamwamba kwamamita kumatha kudziwa momwe mwana amatha kuwuzira mpweya kuchokera m'mapapu. Ngati njira zapaulendo ndizocheperako chifukwa cha mphumu, mitengo yoyenda kwambiri imatsika.

Inu ndi mwana wanu mudzaphunzira kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwakunyumba kwanu.

Wopereka mwana wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso otsatirawa:

• Kuyesedwa kwa ziwengo pakhungu, kapena kuyezetsa magazi kuti muwone ngati mwana wanu sagwirizana ndi zinthu zina
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuyesa kwa mapapo

Inu ndi omwe amakupatsani ana anu muyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ngati gulu kuti mupange ndikuchita dongosolo la mphumu.

Dongosolo ili likuwuzani momwe mungachitire izi:

• Pewani zoyambitsa mphumu
• Onetsetsani zizindikiro
• Yesani kutalika kwake
• Tengani mankhwala

Dongosololi liyeneranso kukuwuzani nthawi yoyimbira wothandizira. Ndikofunika kudziwa mafunso omwe mungafunse wopezera mwana wanu.

Ana omwe ali ndi mphumu amafunikira chithandizo chachikulu kusukulu.

• Apatseni ogwira ntchito kusukulu dongosolo lanu la mphumu kuti adziwe momwe angasamalire mphumu ya mwana wanu.
• Fufuzani momwe mungalolere mwana wanu kumwa mankhwala nthawi yakusukulu. (Mungafunike kusaina fomu yovomerezeka.)
• Kukhala ndi mphumu sikutanthauza kuti mwana wanu sangathe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ophunzitsa, ophunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi mwana wanu ayenera kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za mphumu zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha masewera olimbitsa thupi.

MANKHWALA A POMBO

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira mphumu.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatengedwa tsiku lililonse kuti ateteze zizindikiro za mphumu. Mwana wanu ayenera kumwa mankhwalawa ngakhale atakhala kuti palibe zizindikiro. Ana ena angafunikire mankhwala opitilira nthawi yayitali.

Mitundu ya mankhwala olamulira kwanthawi yayitali ndi awa:

• Inhaled steroids (awa nthawi zambiri amakhala kusankha koyamba kwa chithandizo)
• Ma bronchodilators omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali (awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ma steroids)
• Zoletsa Leukotriene
• Cromolyn sodium

Mankhwala opatsirana mwachangu kapena kupulumutsa mphumu amagwira ntchito mwachangu kuti athetse matenda a mphumu. Ana amawatenga akakhala akutsokomola, kupuma, kuvutika kupuma, kapena kudwala mphumu.

Ena mwa mankhwala a mphumu a mwana wanu amatha kumwa pogwiritsa ntchito inhaler.

• Ana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito inhaler ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito spacer chipangizo. Izi zimawathandiza kulowetsa mankhwala m'mapapu moyenera.
• Ngati mwana wanu amagwiritsa ntchito inhaler molakwika, mankhwala ochepa amalowa m'mapapu. Uzani wothandizira wanu kuti awonetse mwana wanu momwe angagwiritsire ntchito inhaler.
• Ana aang'ono amatha kugwiritsa ntchito nebulizer m'malo mwa inhaler kuti amwe mankhwala awo. Nebulizer amasandutsa mankhwala a mphumu kukhala nkhungu.

KUCHOTSA OTSOGOLERA

Ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu za mwana wanu. Kuzipewa ndiye gawo loyamba lothandizira mwana wanu kumva bwino.

Sungani ziweto panja, kapena kutali ndi chipinda chogona cha mwana.

Palibe amene ayenera kusuta m'nyumba kapena mozungulira mwana yemwe ali ndi mphumu.

• Kuthetsa utsi wakupha mnyumba ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe banja lingachite kuthandiza mwana yemwe ali ndi mphumu.
• Kusuta kunja kwa nyumba sikokwanira. Achibale komanso alendo omwe amasuta amanyamula utsiwo mkati mwa zovala ndi tsitsi lawo. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro za mphumu.
• MUSAGwiritse ntchito malo amoto amkati.

Sungani nyumba kuti ikhale yoyera. Sungani chakudya muzotengera komanso muzipinda zogona. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa mphemvu, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa mphumu. Zotsuka m'nyumba siziyenera kutsukidwa.

YANG'ANIRANI PTSI YA MWANA WANU

Kuwona kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ndi imodzi mwanjira zabwino zothanirana ndi mphumu. Ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti mphumu ya mwana wanu isawonongeke. Ziwombankhanga sizimachitika popanda chenjezo.

Ana ochepera zaka 5 sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito mita yoyenda bwino kuti izitha kuthandiza. Komabe, mwana ayenera kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mita yayitali kwambiri kuti azolowere. Wamkulu ayenera nthawi zonse kuyang'anira zizindikiro za mphumu za mwana.

Ndi chithandizo choyenera, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi mphumu amatha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino. Pamene mphumu siliyendetsedwa bwino, imatha kubweretsa kusukulu, kusowa masewera, kusowa ntchito kwa makolo, komanso maulendo ambiri kuofesi ya omwe amakupatsani ndi kuchipatala.

Zizindikiro za mphumu nthawi zambiri zimachepa kapena kumatha kwathunthu mwanayo akamakula. Mphumu yomwe siyimayendetsedwa bwino imatha kubweretsa mavuto am'mapapo okhalitsa.

Nthawi zambiri, mphumu ndi matenda owopsa. Mabanja akuyenera kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi omwe amawapatsa kuti apange dongosolo losamalira mwana yemwe ali ndi mphumu.

Itanani omwe amakupatsani mwana ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro zatsopano za mphumu. Ngati mwana wanu wapezeka ndi mphumu, itanani wothandizirayo:

• Pambuyo paulendo wachipinda chadzidzidzi
• Pamene kuchuluka kwa otaya kwakhala kukucheperachepera
• Zizindikiro zikachulukirachulukira komanso zowopsa, ngakhale mwana wanu akutsatira dongosolo la mphumu

Ngati mwana wanu akuvutika kupuma kapena akudwala mphumu, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Zizindikiro zadzidzidzi ndizo:

• Kuvuta kupuma
• Mtundu wabuluu kumilomo ndi nkhope
• Kuda nkhawa kwakukulu chifukwa cha kupuma pang'ono
• Kutentha mwachangu
• Kutuluka thukuta
• Kuchepetsa chidwi, monga kuwodzera kapena kusokonezeka

Mwana amene akudwala matenda a mphumu angafunike kukhala m'chipatala kuti alandire mpweya komanso mankhwala kudzera mumitsempha.

Mphumu ya ana; Mphumu - Dokotala; Kupuma - mphumu - ana

• Mphumu ndi sukulu
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Phumu kwa ana - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Mphumu - mankhwala othandizira mwachangu
• Bronchoconstriction yochita zolimbitsa thupi
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi mphumu kusukulu
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nebulizer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler - palibe spacer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler - ndi spacer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mita yanu yoyenda kwambiri
• Pangani chizunguliro kutuluka chizolowezi
• Zizindikiro za matenda a mphumu
• Khalani kutali ndi zoyambitsa mphumu

• Bronchiole wabwinobwino motsutsana ndi mphumu
• Chimake chapamwamba mita
• Mapapo
• Zomwe zimayambitsa mphumu

Dunn NA, Neff LA, Maurer DM. Njira yopendekera kwa mphumu ya ana. J Fam Khalani. 2017; 66 (5): 280-286. PMID: 28459888 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28459888/.

Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Bacharier LB. Kusamalira mphumu mwa makanda ndi ana. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 50.

(Adasankhidwa) Liu AH, Spahn JD, Sicherer SH. Mphumu yaubwana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 169.

Lugogo N, Que LG, Gilstrap DL, Kraft M. Asthma: matenda azachipatala ndikuwongolera. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 42.

Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States; Webusaiti ya National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. Kusamalira mphumu kutanthauzira mwachangu: kuzindikira ndikuwongolera mphumu; malangizo ochokera ku National Asthma Education and Prevention Program, lipoti la akatswiri 3. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/guidelines/asthma_qrg.pdf. Idasinthidwa mu Seputembara 2012. Idapezeka pa Meyi 8, 2020.