Zovuta zakusowa kwa kuchepa kwa chidwi

Matenda a chidwi cha kuchepa kwa chidwi (ADHD) ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo zomwe zapezazi: osatha kuyang'ana, kuchita mopitilira muyeso, kapena kusakhoza kuwongolera machitidwe.

ADHD nthawi zambiri imayamba ali mwana. Koma zitha kupitilirabe mpaka zaka za akulu. ADHD imapezeka kawirikawiri mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana.

Sizikudziwika chomwe chimayambitsa ADHD. Itha kulumikizidwa ndi majini ndi nyumba kapena zochitika zina. Akatswiri apeza kuti ubongo wa ana omwe ali ndi ADHD ndiwosiyana ndi ana omwe alibe ADHD. Mankhwala aubongo nawonso ndi osiyana.

Zizindikiro za ADHD zimagwera m'magulu atatu:

• Kulephera kuyang'ana (kusasamala)
• Kukhala wachangu kwambiri (kusakhudzidwa)
• Kulephera kuwongolera machitidwe (kusakhudzidwa)

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ADHD amakhala ndi zizindikilo zosazindikira. Ena amakhala ndi zizindikilo zosachedwa kupsa mtima komanso zopupuluma. Ena ali ndi kuphatikiza kwa izi.

ZIZINDIKIRO ZABWINO

• Sachita chidwi ndi tsatanetsatane kapena amalakwitsa mosasamala pantchito yasukulu
• Ali ndi mavuto owunikira pantchito kapena kusewera
• Samvera akamayankhulidwa mwachindunji
• Satsatira malangizo ndipo samaliza ntchito yakusukulu kapena ntchito zapakhomo
• Ali ndi mavuto okonza ntchito ndi zochitika
• Amapewa kapena sakonda ntchito zomwe zimafuna kulimbitsa thupi (monga sukulu)
• Nthawi zambiri amataya zinthu, monga homuweki kapena zoseweretsa
• Amasokonezeka mosavuta
• Nthawi zambiri amaiwala

ZIZINDIKIRO ZA KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO

• Fidgets kapena squirms pampando
• Amasiya mpando wawo atakhala pampando wawo
• Amathamanga kapena kukwera pomwe sayenera kutero
• Ali ndi mavuto akusewera kapena kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete
• Nthawi zambiri amakhala "panjira," amakhala ngati "akuyendetsedwa ndi mota"
• Amayankhula nthawi zonse

ZIZINDIKIRO ZA CHIFUKWA

• Chongani mayankho mafunso asanamalize
• Ali ndi mavuto omwe akuyembekezera nthawi yawo
• Kusokoneza kapena kulowerera ena (kumangokambirana kapena masewera)

Zambiri zomwe zapezedwa pamwambazi zimapezeka mwa ana akamakula. Kuti mavutowa apezeke ngati ADHD, ayenera kukhala osakwanira zaka zakubadwa ndi chitukuko.

Palibe mayeso omwe angazindikire ADHD. Kuzindikira kumatengera mtundu wa zizindikilo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Mwana akaganiziridwa kuti ali ndi ADHD, makolo ndi aphunzitsi nthawi zambiri amatenga nawo mbali pakuwunika.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD amakhala ndi vuto limodzi lokula kapena thanzi. Izi zitha kukhala vuto lamatenda, nkhawa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kapena, itha kukhala vuto la kuphunzira kapena vuto la tic.

Kuchiza ADHD ndi mgwirizano pakati pa wothandizira zaumoyo ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi ADHD. Ngati ali mwana, makolo ndipo nthawi zambiri aphunzitsi amatenga nawo mbali. Kuti mankhwala agwire ntchito, ndikofunikira kuti:

• Khazikitsani zolinga zomwe zili zoyenera kwa mwana.
• Yambani mankhwala kapena kulankhula mankhwala, kapena onse awiri.
• Tsatirani pafupipafupi ndi dokotala kuti muwone zolinga, zotsatira, ndi zovuta zilizonse zamankhwala.

Ngati chithandizo chikuwoneka kuti sichikugwira ntchito, woperekayo mwina:

• Tsimikizani kuti munthuyo ali ndi ADHD.
• Fufuzani mavuto azaumoyo omwe angayambitse zizindikiro zomwezo.
• Onetsetsani kuti dongosolo la mankhwala likutsatiridwa.

MANKHWALA

Mankhwala ophatikizidwa ndi chithandizo chamakhalidwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito bwino. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana a ADHD atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito paokha kapena kuphatikiza limodzi. Dokotala adzawona kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe ali olondola, kutengera zomwe munthuyo ali nazo komanso zosowa zake.

Ma Psychostimulants (omwe amadziwikanso kuti opatsa mphamvu) ndiwo mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amatchedwa opatsa mphamvu, amathandizadi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD.

Tsatirani malangizo a omwe amakupatsani momwe mungamwe mankhwala a ADHD. Woperekayo akuyenera kuwunika ngati mankhwala akugwira ntchito komanso ngati ali ndi vuto lililonse. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwasungitsa nthawi zonse zosungika ndi wopereka.

Mankhwala ena a ADHD amakhala ndi zovuta zina. Ngati munthuyo ali ndi zovuta, kambiranani ndi wothandizira nthawi yomweyo. Mlingo kapena mankhwala omwewo angafunike kusinthidwa.

CHITHANDIZO

Mtundu wodziwika wa mankhwala a ADHD umatchedwa mankhwala othandizira. Amaphunzitsa ana ndi makolo mayendedwe athanzi komanso momwe angathetsere mikhalidwe yosokoneza. Kwa ADHD wofatsa, chithandizo chamankhwala chokha (chopanda mankhwala) chitha kukhala chothandiza.

Malangizo ena othandizira mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD ndi awa:

• Lankhulani pafupipafupi ndi mphunzitsi wa mwanayo.
• Sungani ndandanda ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kuphatikiza nthawi yanthawi zonse yochitira homuweki, chakudya, ndi zochitika zina. Sinthani ndandanda nthawi isanakwane osati mphindi yomaliza.
• Chepetsani zododometsa m'malo a mwana.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwanayo amapeza zakudya zabwino, zosiyanasiyana, ndi michere yambiri ndi zakudya zofunikira.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwanayo akugona mokwanira.
• Kutamanda ndi kupereka mphotho kwa machitidwe abwino.
• Perekani malamulo omveka bwino komanso osasinthasintha kwa mwanayo.

Palibe umboni wochepa wosonyeza kuti mankhwala ena a ADHD monga zitsamba, zowonjezera, ndi chiropractic ndi othandiza.

Mutha kupeza thandizo ndi chithandizo polimbana ndi ADHD:

• Ana ndi Akuluakulu Omwe Ali Ndi Chisamaliro-Choperewera / Matenda Osakhudzidwa (CHADD) - www.chadd.org

ADHD ndichikhalidwe chanthawi yayitali. ADHD ingayambitse ku:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa
• Kusachita bwino kusukulu
• Mavuto osunga ntchito
• Mavuto ndi lamulo

Gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu mwa theka la ana omwe ali ndi ADHD amakhala ndi zizindikilo zakusanyalanyaza kapena kusakhazikika msanga akamakula. Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ADHD nthawi zambiri amatha kuwongolera zovuta zamakhalidwe.

Itanani dokotala ngati inu kapena aphunzitsi a mwana wanu mukukayikira ADHD. Muyeneranso kuuza dokotala za:

• Mavuto kunyumba, kusukulu, komanso ndi anzako
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a ADHD
• Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa

Onjezani; ADHD; Hyperkinesis yaubwana

Tsamba la American Psychiatric Association. Chisamaliro / kuchepa kwa chidwi. Mu: American Psychiatric Association. Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: Kusindikiza kwa Psychiatric kwa America. 2013: 59-66.

Prince JB, Wilens TE, Spencer TJ, Biederman J. Pharmacotherapy wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi / kusokonekera kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, olemba. Chipatala cha Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 49.

Kuthira DK. Chisamaliro / kuchepa kwa chidwi. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 49.

Wolraich ML, Hagan JF Jr, Allan C, ndi al. Chitsogozo chazachipatala pakuwunika, kuwunika, ndi chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa chidwi / vuto la kuchepa kwa ana ndi achinyamata [kuwongolera kofalitsa kumawonekera mu Matenda. 2020 Mar; 145 (3):]. Matenda. 2019; 144 (4): e20192528. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 31570648 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31570648/.