Spinal aplasia: ndi chiyani, zizindikiritso ndi momwe mungachiritsire

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Kodi khansa ya msana ya aplasia?
• Zomwe zingayambitse msana aplasia
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Mafupa aplasia kapena mafupa aplasia ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya mafupa. Mafupa amachititsa kuti maselo a magazi apangidwe. Ikasokonezedwa ndi chilichonse, kapangidwe kake kamatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kuimitsidwa, komwe kumabweretsa kutsika kwa maselo ofiira, ma platelets ndi ma leukocyte oyenda m'magazi.

Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha msana aplasia sichidziwika, koma chitha kuphatikizidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi othandizira mankhwala, radiation, mankhwala, kapena mwina chifukwa cha matenda owopsa, monga kuchepa kwa magazi kwa Fanconi. Kutsika kwa kufalikira kwa ma cell amwazi kumatha kubweretsa zizindikilo zingapo, monga pallor, kupuma movutikira, kupezeka kwa mikwingwirima komanso kupezeka kwamatenda pafupipafupi.

Chithandizochi chimakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa aplasia ndipo nthawi zambiri chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, maantibayotiki, kuthiridwa magazi ndipo, pamavuto akulu kwambiri, kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa. Mankhwalawa amatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi dokotala atatha kuwerengera magazi ndi myelogram, zomwe ziyenera kupemphedwa chimodzimodzi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Popeza ndi matenda omwe pali maselo ofiira ochepa, mapulateleti ndi leukocyte, zizindikilo za msana aplasia ndizokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa izi m'magazi:

• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Kupuma pang'ono;
• Zovuta;
• Kukhalapo kwa mawanga ofiira pakhungu;
• Kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka;
• Matenda pafupipafupi.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuwoneka modzidzimutsa kapena pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala mutu, tachycardia ndi chizungulire pakagwa msana aplasia.

Msana aplasia itha kukhala yofanana ndi kuperewera kwa magazi m'thupi, chifukwa zonsezi zimakhala ndi chifukwa chomwecho, zizindikilo zomwezo komanso chithandizo chofananira. Dziwani zambiri za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Kodi khansa ya msana ya aplasia?

Msana aplasia si khansa. Ngakhale khansa ya m'magazi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza maselo amwazi, pali kusintha kwa mafuta omwe amalola kuti mafutawo apange ndi kumasula maselo ochulukirapo amtundu wina kapena kumasula maselo omwe sanayambebe kusasitsa, monga myelocytes, Mwachitsanzo.

Kumbali ina ya marrow aplasia, mafutawa amataya ntchito, ndiye kuti, ma cell amapangidwa ochepa kwambiri kapena mwina sangapangidwe.

Zomwe zingayambitse msana aplasia

Zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la msana sizidziwika nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi:

• Kutenga nthawi yayitali pama radiation;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• Kuwonetsedwa pazomwe zimachokera ku benzene;
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
• Matenda;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga chloramphenicol, mwachitsanzo;
• Matenda osokoneza bongo.

Matenda a msana aplasia sakhala obadwa nawo, koma akafika nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kwa Fanconi, matenda oopsa, amtundu komanso osowa omwe mwanayo amakhala ndi zovuta, omwe amatha kuwoneka pobadwa, ziphuphu pakhungu, kufooka kwa impso, kufupika msinkhu komanso mwayi wambiri wopanga zotupa ndi khansa ya m'magazi. Mvetsetsani momwe mungadziwire ndikuchizira kuchepa kwa magazi kwa Fanconi.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Kuzindikira kwa msana aplasia kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa magazi komwe kwawonetsedwa ndi asing'anga, kuchuluka kwa magazi, momwe kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amwazi, ma leukocyte ndi ma platelet omwe amayenda m'magazi amatha kuwunika.

Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo atha kufunsa myelogram, yomwe ndi mayeso owopsa pang'ono pomwe kukhumbira kwa magazi ndi mafupa kumachitika mu fupa la m'chiuno kapena fupa la sternum kuti muwone momwe maselo amwazi amapangidwira. Onani zomwe zikuwonetsa komanso momwe myelogram imapangidwira.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha msana aplasia chimakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa aplasia. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, chithunzi cha msana aplasia chimatha kusinthidwa, ndiye kuti, mafupa amatha kupezanso mphamvu yopanga maselo amwazi. Chifukwa chake, aplasia ya msana imatha kuchiritsidwa.

Chithandizo cha msana aplasia chitha kuchitidwa ndi:

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kupanga maselo amwazi ndi mafuta am'mafupa;
• Maantibayotiki, kuti athetse matenda opatsirana, popeza chitetezo cha mthupi chimasokonekera chifukwa chakuchepa kwa leukocyte.
• Kuikidwa magazi, ndipo magazi athunthu, maselo ofiira ofiira, kuphatikiza kwa ma platelet kapena leukocyte concentrate amatha kuthiridwa magazi kuti azikulitsa kuchuluka kwa omwe amakhala m'magazi a wodwalayo.

Ngati aplasia yowopsa kwambiri, pangafunike kupanga maondo am'mafupa, omwe ngakhale atakhala ndi mwayi wambiri wazovuta, kuthekera kwakuti kuchira ndikokulira. Onani momwe kusintha kwa mafupa kumachitikira.