Glomerulonephritis (Matenda a Bright)

Zamkati

• Kodi zimayambitsa GN ndi ziti?
• Pafupifupi GN
• Matenda a GN
• Zizindikiro za GN ndi ziti?
• Pafupifupi GN
• Matenda a GN
• Impso kulephera
• Kodi GN imapezeka bwanji?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo a GN?
• Kodi ndizovuta ziti zomwe zimakhudzana ndi GN?
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Kodi glomerulonephritis ndi chiyani?

Glomerulonephritis (GN) ndikutupa kwa glomeruli, komwe ndi impso zanu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi. Nfundo za ziwiya izi zimathandiza kusefa magazi anu ndikuchotsa madzi amadzimadzi. Ngati glomeruli yanu yawonongeka, impso zanu zisiya kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo mutha kulephera kugwira impso.

Nthawi zina amatchedwa nephritis, GN ndi matenda oopsa omwe angawopseze moyo ndipo amafunikira chithandizo mwachangu. GN imatha kukhala yovuta, kapena mwadzidzidzi, komanso yosatha, kapena yayitali. Vutoli limadziwika kuti matenda a Bright.

Werengani kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa GN, momwe zimapezekera, komanso zosankha zake.

Kodi zimayambitsa GN ndi ziti?

Zomwe zimayambitsa GN zimadalira kuti ndi zovuta kapena zosatha.

Pafupifupi GN

GN mwachangu imatha kukhala yankho ku matenda monga strep throat kapena dzino lotuluka. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mavuto omwe chitetezo chamthupi chanu chimakhudzidwa nacho. Izi zitha kutha popanda chithandizo. Ngati sichitha, chithandizo chofulumira ndichofunika kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali ku impso zanu.

Matenda ena amadziwika kuti amayambitsa zovuta za GN, kuphatikiza:

• khosi kukhosi
• systemic lupus erythematosus, yomwe imatchedwanso lupus
• Matenda a Goodpasture, matenda osowa mthupi momwe ma antibodies amalimbana ndi impso ndi mapapo anu
• amyloidosis, yomwe imachitika mapuloteni achilendo omwe amatha kupweteketsa thupi lanu
• granulomatosis ndi polyangiitis (yemwe kale ankadziwika kuti Wegener's granulomatosis), matenda osowa omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi
• polyarteritis nodosa, matenda omwe maselo amalimbana ndi mitsempha

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito zotupa, monga ibuprofen (Advil) ndi naproxen (Aleve), amathanso kukhala pachiwopsezo. Simuyenera kupitirira muyeso ndi kutalika kwa mankhwala omwe alembedwa m'botolo popanda kufunsa upangiri kuchokera kwa omwe amakuthandizani.

Matenda a GN

Fomu yosatha ya GN imatha kukhala patadutsa zaka zingapo popanda kapena kuzindikirika pang'ono. Izi zitha kuwononga impso zanu ndipo pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kulephera kwa impso.

Matenda a GN samakhala ndi chifukwa chomveka nthawi zonse. Matenda amtundu wina nthawi zina amatha kuyambitsa matenda a GN. Chibadwa nephritis chimapezeka mwa anyamata omwe sawona bwino komanso samamva bwino. Zina mwazomwe zingayambitse ndi izi:

• matenda ena amthupi
• mbiri ya khansa
• kukhudzana ndi zosungunulira zama hydrocarbon

Komanso, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta a GN kungakupangitseni kukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi GN yopitilira mtsogolo.

Zizindikiro za GN ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zomwe mungakhale nazo zimadalira mtundu wa GN womwe muli nawo komanso momwe umakhalira woopsa.

Pafupifupi GN

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za pachimake cha GN zimaphatikizapo:

• kudzikuza pankhope panu
• kukodza pafupipafupi
• magazi mumkodzo wanu, zomwe zimapangitsa mkodzo wanu kukhala dzimbiri
• madzi owonjezera m'mapapu anu, ndikupangitsa kutsokomola
• kuthamanga kwa magazi

Matenda a GN

Mtundu wosatha wa GN ukhoza kukwera popanda zisonyezo. Pakhoza kukhala kukulira kukula kwa zizindikilo zofanana ndi mawonekedwe owopsa. Zizindikiro zina ndi izi:

• magazi kapena mapuloteni owonjezera mumkodzo wanu, omwe atha kukhala owonera tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri ndikuwonetsa mumayeso amkodzo
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• kutupa m'miyendo ndi nkhope yanu
• pafupipafupi pokodza usiku
• mkodzo wamadzimadzi kapena wa thovu, kuchokera ku mapuloteni owonjezera
• kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi

Impso kulephera

GN yanu itha kukhala yotsogola kwambiri kotero kuti mumayamba kulephera kwa impso. Zina mwazizindikiro za izi ndi izi:

• kutopa
• kusowa njala
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kusowa tulo
• khungu louma, loyabwa
• kukokana minofu usiku

Kodi GN imapezeka bwanji?

Gawo loyamba pakupeza matenda ndikuyesa kukodza. Magazi ndi mapuloteni mumkodzo ndizofunikira pathupi. Kuyezetsa magazi mwanjira ina kumathandizanso kuti GN ipezeke.

Kuyezetsa mkodzo kwina kungakhale kofunikira kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro zofunika zaumoyo wa impso, kuphatikizapo:

• chilolezo cha creatinine
• mapuloteni okwanira mkodzo
• mkodzo ndende
• mkodzo mphamvu yokoka
• mkodzo maselo ofiira amwazi
• mkodzo osmolality

Mayeso amwazi atha kuwonetsa:

• kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, komwe kumachepetsa magazi ofiira
• milingo yachilendo ya albin
• magazi achilendo urea asafe
• milingo yayikulu ya creatinine

Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa kuyesa kwa immunology kuti muwone:

• ma antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
• antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
• ma antiinuclear antibodies
• onjezerani milingo

Zotsatira za kuyesaku zitha kuwonetsa kuti chitetezo chamthupi chanu chikuwononga impso zanu.

Chidziwitso cha impso zanu chingakhale chofunikira kuti mutsimikizire matendawa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupenda kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu ya impso yotengedwa ndi singano.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za matenda anu, mungakhale ndi mayesero ojambula monga awa:

• Kujambula kwa CT
• impso ultrasound
• X-ray pachifuwa
• pyelogram yolumikizidwa m'mitsempha

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo a GN?

Njira zamankhwala zimadalira mtundu wa GN womwe mukukumana nawo komanso chifukwa chake.

Chithandizo chimodzi ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, makamaka ngati ndicho chifukwa chachikulu cha GN. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuwongolera pamene impso zanu sizikuyenda bwino. Ngati ndi choncho, dokotala akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala othamanga magazi, kuphatikiza angiotensin-otembenuza enzyme inhibitors, kapena ACE inhibitors, monga:

• kapita
• lisinopril (Zestril)
• perindopril (Aceon)

Dokotala wanu amathanso kukupatsani angiotensin receptor blockers, kapena ma ARB, monga:

• losartan (Cozaar)
• irbesartani (Avapro)
• valsartan (Diovan)

Corticosteroids itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chitetezo chamthupi chanu chikuukira impso zanu. Amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi.

Njira ina yochepetsera kutupa komwe kumayambitsa matenda m'thupi ndi plasmapheresis. Njirayi imachotsa gawo lamadzi m'magazi anu, lotchedwa plasma, ndikuikapo madzi am'mitsempha kapena plasma yoperekedwa yomwe ilibe ma antibodies.

Kwa GN yanthawi yayitali, muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, mchere, ndi potaziyamu pazakudya zanu. Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa. Zingakulimbikitseni kuwonjezera ma calcium, ndipo mungafunike kumwa ma diuretics kuti muchepetse kutupa. Funsani kwa dokotala wanu kapena katswiri wa impso kuti mudziwe malangizo okhudzana ndi zakudya kapena zowonjezera. Amatha kukukhazikitsani ndi katswiri wazamankhwala kuti akupatseni malangizo pazomwe mungasankhe.

Ngati matenda anu akukula ndipo mukuyamba kulephera kwa impso, mungafunikire kukhala ndi dialysis. Pochita izi, makina amasefa magazi anu. Pambuyo pake, mungafunike kumuika impso.

Kodi ndizovuta ziti zomwe zimakhudzana ndi GN?

GN imatha kubweretsa matenda a nephrotic, omwe amachititsa kuti muchepetse mapuloteni ambiri mumkodzo wanu. Izi zimabweretsa kusungidwa kwamadzimadzi ndi mchere mthupi lanu. Mutha kukhala ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol, ndi kutupa mthupi lanu lonse. Corticosteroids amachiza vutoli. Potsirizira pake, matenda a nephrotic amatsogolera kumapeto kwa matenda a impso ngati sangayang'anire.

Zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha GN:

• pachimake impso kulephera
• matenda a impso
• kusamvana kwa ma electrolyte, monga kuchuluka kwa sodium kapena potaziyamu
• Matenda opitilira mkodzo
• congestive mtima kulephera chifukwa amasunga madzimadzi kapena zimamuchulukira madzimadzi
• m'mapapo mwanga edema chifukwa amasunga madzimadzi kapena zimamuchulukira madzimadzi
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• matenda oopsa, omwe akuwonjezeka kuthamanga kwa magazi
• chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Ngati agwidwa msanga, GN yovuta imatha kukhala yakanthawi ndikusintha. Matenda a GN amatha kuchepetsedwa ndi chithandizo choyambirira. GN yanu ikakulirakulira, izi zitha kuchepa kugwira ntchito kwa impso, kulephera kwa impso, komanso matenda am'magazi am'mapeto.

Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa impso, kulephera kwa impso, ndi matenda omaliza a impso pamapeto pake kungafune dialysis ndi impso kumuika.

Izi ndi njira zabwino zochira ku GN ndikuletsa magawo amtsogolo:

• Pitirizani kulemera bwino.
• Chepetsani mchere pazakudya zanu.
• Pewani mapuloteni muzakudya zanu.
• Onetsani potaziyamu mu zakudya zanu.
• Siyani kusuta.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukumana ndi gulu lothandizira kungakhale njira yothandiza yothanirana ndi kupsinjika kwam'mutu chifukwa chodwala matenda a impso.