Spanish flu: chinali chiyani, zizindikiro ndi chilichonse chokhudza mliri wa 1918

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Choyambitsa ndi njira yotumizira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kupewa chimfine ku Spain

Fuluwenza yaku Spain idadwala chifukwa chosintha kwa matenda a fuluwenza omwe adapha anthu opitilira 50 miliyoni, omwe adakhudza anthu onse padziko lapansi pakati pa zaka 1918 ndi 1920, munkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.

Poyamba, chimfine cha ku Spain chidangowonekera ku Europe ndi United States, koma m'miyezi ingapo idafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ikukhudza India, Southeast Asia, Japan, China, Central America ngakhalenso Brazil, komwe idapha anthu 10,000 ku Rio de Janeiro ndi 2,000 ku São Paulo.

Fuluwenza ya ku Spain idalibe mankhwala, koma matendawa adasowa pakati chakumapeto kwa 1919 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa 1920, ndipo palibe omwe adanenedwa kuyambira nthawi imeneyo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Vuto la chimfine ku Spain limatha kukhudza machitidwe osiyanasiyana mthupi, ndiye kuti, limatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zikafika pakumapuma, mantha, kugaya chakudya, impso kapena kuzungulira kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, zizindikilo zazikulu za chimfine ku Spain ndi izi:

• Kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa;
• Mutu wopweteka kwambiri;
• Kusowa tulo;
• Malungo pamwamba 38º;
• Kutopa kwambiri;
• Kupuma kovuta;
• Kumva kupuma movutikira;
• Kutupa kwa kholingo, pharynx, trachea ndi bronchi;
• Chibayo;
• Kupweteka m'mimba;
• Kuonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa kugunda kwa mtima;
• Proteinuria, komwe kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mkodzo;
• Nephritis.

Pambuyo pazowonekera kwakanthawi, odwala omwe ali ndi chimfine ku Spain amatha kukhala ndi mabala ofiira pankhope zawo, khungu labuluu, kutsokomola magazi ndikutuluka m'mphuno ndi makutu.

Choyambitsa ndi njira yotumizira

Fuluwenza yaku Spain idayambitsidwa ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa ma virus a chimfine omwe adayambitsa kachilombo ka H1N1.

Vutoli limafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera mwa kukhudzana mwachindunji, kutsokomola komanso ngakhale mlengalenga, makamaka chifukwa cha machitidwe azachipatala amayiko angapo omwe akusowa komanso akuvutika ndi mikangano ya Nkhondo Yaikulu.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha chimfine ku Spain sichinapezeke, ndipo zimangopindulitsa kuti mupumule ndikukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira ndi madzi. Chifukwa chake, odwala ochepa adachiritsidwa, kutengera chitetezo cha mthupi.

Popeza panalibe katemera panthawiyo motsutsana ndi kachilomboka, mankhwalawa amachitidwa kuti athane ndi zizindikirazo ndipo nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa ndi aspirin wa dokotala, omwe ndi anti-kutupa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse ululu ndikuchepetsa malungo.

Kusintha kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a fuluwenza ka 1918 ndikofanana ndi komwe kudachitika matenda a fuluwenza (H5N1) kapena fuluwenza (H1N1). Pazinthu izi, popeza sizinali zophweka kuzindikira chamoyo chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, sizinali zotheka kupeza chithandizo choyenera, ndikupangitsa matendawa kufa nthawi zambiri.

Kupewa chimfine ku Spain

Pofuna kupewa kufala kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chimfine ku Spain kudalimbikitsidwa kupewa kupezeka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, monga malo ochitira zisudzo kapena masukulu, ndipo pachifukwa ichi, mizinda ina idasiyidwa.

Masiku ano njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera chimfine ndi kudzera mu katemera wapachaka, chifukwa ma virus amasintha mosintha chaka chonse kuti apulumuke. Kuphatikiza pa katemerayu, pali maantibayotiki, omwe adawoneka mu 1928, ndipo omwe atha kupatsidwa ndi dokotala kuti apewe kupezeka kwa matenda a bakiteriya pambuyo pa chimfine.

Ndikofunikanso kupewa malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri, chifukwa kachilombo ka chimfine kangadutse kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa wina mosavuta. Nazi momwe mungapewere chimfine.

Onerani vidiyo yotsatirayi ndikumvetsetsa momwe mliri ungayambire komanso momwe mungapewere kuti usachitike: