Mbiri ya Stroke

Zamkati

• Kufotokozera koyambirira kwa stroke
• Sitiroko lero
• Mbiri ya chithandizo cha stroke
• Kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo cha stroke
• Kukwapula kwa Ischemic
• Kukwapulidwa kwa magazi
• Kupita patsogolo pakupewa sitiroko
• Kutenga

Kodi sitiroko ndi chiyani?

Sitiroko ikhoza kukhala chochitika chachipatala chowopsa. Zimachitika magazi akamayenda kupita mbali ina ubongo wanu umasokonekera chifukwa chamagazi kapena chotengera chamagazi chosweka. Mofanana ndi matenda a mtima, kusowa kwa magazi okosijeni ambiri kumatha kubweretsa kufa minofu.

Maselo aubongo akamayamba kufa chifukwa chakuchepa kwamagazi, zizindikilo zimachitika mgulu la thupi lomwe ma cell amubongo amalamulira. Zizindikirozi zimatha kufooka mwadzidzidzi, kufooka, komanso kufooka kwa nkhope kapena ziwalo. Zotsatira zake, anthu omwe akudwala sitiroko amatha kuvutika kuganiza, kuyenda, kapenanso kupuma.

Kufotokozera koyambirira kwa stroke

Ngakhale madotolo tsopano akudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a sitiroko, izi sizimamveka bwino nthawi zonse. Hippocrates, "tate wazamankhwala," adazindikira stroko zaka zoposa 2,400 zapitazo. Iye anatcha vutoli kuti apoplexy, lomwe ndi mawu achigiriki omwe amatanthauza "kukanthidwa ndi chiwawa." Ngakhale dzinalo limafotokoza kusintha kwadzidzidzi komwe kumachitika ndi sitiroko, sikunali kwenikweni kufotokoza zomwe zikuchitika muubongo wanu.

Zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake mzaka za m'ma 1600, dotolo wotchedwa Jacob Wepfer adazindikira kuti china chake chasokoneza kupezeka kwa magazi muubongo wa anthu omwe amwalira ndi apoplexy. Nthawi zina, magazi amatuluka kwambiri muubongo. M'malo ena, mitsempha inali yotseka.

Zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, sayansi ya zamankhwala idapitilizabe kupita patsogolo pazomwe zimayambitsa, zizindikilo, ndi chithandizo cha apoplexy. Chotsatira chimodzi cha kupita patsogolo kumeneku chinali kugawanika kwa apoplexy m'magulu kutengera chifukwa cha vutoli. Pambuyo pake, apoplexy adadziwika ndi mawu monga stroke ndi ngozi ya ubongo (CVA).

Sitiroko lero

Masiku ano, madokotala amadziwa kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya sitiroko: ischemic ndi hemorrhagic. Sitiroko ya ischemic, yomwe imafala kwambiri, imachitika magazi akagwera muubongo. Izi zimalepheretsa magazi kupita kumadera osiyanasiyana aubongo. Sitiroko yotuluka magazi, komano, imachitika pomwe chotengera chamagazi muubongo wanu chimatseguka. Izi zimapangitsa magazi kuchulukana. Kukula kwa sitiroko nthawi zambiri kumakhudzana ndi komwe kuli ubongo komanso kuchuluka kwa maselo am'magazi omwe akhudzidwa.

Malinga ndi National Stroke Association, sitiroko ndiyomwe imayambitsa imfa ku United States. Komabe, anthu pafupifupi 7 miliyoni ku America apulumuka sitiroko. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa njira zamankhwala, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe adadwalapo stroke tsopano atha kukhala ndi zovuta zochepa.

Mbiri ya chithandizo cha stroke

Imodzi mwamankhwala odziwika bwino kwambiri a stroke idachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1800, pomwe madokotala ochita opaleshoni adayamba kuchita opaleshoni yamitsempha ya carotid. Awa ndiwo mitsempha yomwe imapereka magazi ochuluka kupita ku ubongo. Mitsempha yomwe imayamba m'mitsempha ya carotid nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a sitiroko. Madokotala ochita opaleshoni adayamba kugwira ntchito pamitsempha ya carotid kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndikuchotsa zotchinga zomwe zingayambitse matenda. Opaleshoni yoyamba yamitsempha yama carotid ku United States inali ku 1807. Dr. Amos Twitchell adachita opareshoni ku New Hampshire. Masiku ano, njirayi imadziwika kuti carotid endarterectomy.

Ngakhale maopaleshoni a mtsempha wa carotid adathandiziratu kupewa kupwetekedwa, panali mankhwala ochepa omwe amapezeka kuti athe kuchiza sitiroko ndikuchepetsa zovuta zake. Mankhwala ambiri anali otsogola kwambiri pothandiza anthu kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zikagwidwa ndi sitiroko, monga vuto la kulankhula, mavuto akudya, kapena kufooka kosatha mbali imodzi ya thupi. Mpaka 1996 pomwe chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri chidakwaniritsidwa. M'chaka chimenecho, U. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito minofu ya plasminogen activator (TPA), mankhwala omwe amathetsa magazi omwe amachititsa sitiroko.

Ngakhale TPA ingakhale yothandiza pochiza sitiroko, iyenera kuperekedwa mkati mwa maola 4.5 zizindikiro zitayamba. Zotsatira zake, kulandira chithandizo mwachangu kwa stroke ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse komanso kusintha zizindikilo zake. Ngati wina yemwe mumamudziwa akudwala matenda opha ziwalo, monga kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi ndi kufooka kapena kufooka mbali imodzi ya thupi, tengani kuchipatala kapena itanani 911 mwachangu.

Kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo cha stroke

Kukwapula kwa Ischemic

TPA ndiyo njira yothandizila kuchiza matenda amisempha. Komabe, kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa pochiza mitundu iyi ya zikwapu ndi mechanical thrombectomy. Njirayi imatha kuchotsa magazi m'magazi mwa munthu amene akudwala sitiroko. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 2004, njirayi yathandizira anthu pafupifupi 10,000.

Komabe, zovuta ndizakuti madokotala ambiri ochita opaleshoni amafunikirabe kuphunzitsidwa makina am'magazi ndipo zipatala zimayenera kugula zida zofunikira, zomwe zitha kukhala zodula kwambiri. Ngakhale TPA ikadali njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira zilonda zamagetsi, ma thrombectomy opitilira muyeso akupitilirabe kutchuka chifukwa maopaleshoni ambiri amaphunzitsidwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Kukwapulidwa kwa magazi

Mankhwala opatsirana ndi sitiroko amachokera kutali. Ngati zotsatira za sitiroko yotulutsa magazi imakhudza gawo lalikulu laubongo, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuchitidwa opaleshoni pofuna kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwakanthawi ndikuthana ndi kupsinjika kwa ubongo. Njira zochizira matenda opha magazi ndizo:

• Kudula opareshoni. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumaphatikizapo kuyika kopanira m'munsi mwa dera lomwe limayambitsa magazi. Chojambuliracho chimayimitsa kuyenda kwa magazi ndikuthandizira kuti malowo asatulukenso.
• Kuphimba. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuwongolera waya kudzera m'mabowo mpaka muubongo kwinaku mukuyika ma coil ang'ono kuti mudzaze malo ofooka komanso magazi. Izi zitha kuyimitsa magazi aliwonse.
• Kuchotsa opaleshoni. Ngati dera lakutuluka magazi silingakonzedwe kudzera munjira zina, dokotalayo amatha kusuntha gawo laling'ono la malo owonongeka. Komabe, opaleshoniyi nthawi zambiri imakhala njira yomaliza chifukwa imawerengedwa kuti ndiwowopsa kwambiri ndipo sichingachitike m'malo ambiri amubongo.

Mankhwala ena angafunike, kutengera malo komanso kuuma kwa magazi.

Kupita patsogolo pakupewa sitiroko

Ngakhale kuti sitiroko ikupitilizabe kutsogolera anthu olumala, pafupifupi 80% ya sitiroko imatha kupewedwa. Chifukwa cha kafukufuku waposachedwa komanso kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, madotolo tsopano atha kulangiza njira zodzitetezera kwa iwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha kupwetekedwa. Zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha sitiroko zimaphatikizapo kukhala ndi zaka zopitilira 75 ndikukhala ndi:

• matenda a fibrillation
• congestive mtima kulephera
• matenda ashuga
• kuthamanga kwa magazi
• mbiri yokhudza kupwetekedwa mtima kapena kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali

Anthu omwe ali ndi zoopsazi ayenera kulankhula ndi dokotala za momwe angachepetse chiopsezo chawo. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa njira zotsatirazi:

• kuleka kusuta
• Mankhwala oletsa kuteteza magazi ku magazi
• mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena matenda ashuga
• chakudya chopatsa mphamvu cha sodium komanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba
• masiku atatu kapena anayi sabata yolimbitsa thupi osachepera mphindi 40 patsiku

Ngakhale kuti sitiroko silingalephereke nthawi zonse, kuchita izi kungathandize kuchepetsa ngozi momwe mungathere.

Kutenga

Sitiroko ndi chochitika chamankhwala choopseza moyo chomwe chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kwanthawi yayitali komanso kulemala kwakanthawi.Kufunafuna chithandizo nthawi yomweyo kumatha kukulitsa mwayi woti inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mulandire imodzi mwanjira zatsopano zothandizira kuchiza sitiroko ndikuchepetsa zovuta.