Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kulemala Kwaluntha

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zakulemala kwamaganizidwe
• Miyeso yaumalema waluntha
• Kulemala pang'ono
• Wolemala waluntha
• Kulemala kwakukulu kwamaluso
• Kulemala kwakukulu kwamaluso
• Kulemala kwina kwanzeru
• Kulemala kwapadera kosadziwika
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa kulumala mwanzeru?
• Kodi kulumala kwa nzeru kumapezeka bwanji?
• Njira zochiritsira zolemala mwanzeru
• Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

Chidule

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto lanzeru (ID), ubongo wake sunakule bwino kapena wavulala mwanjira ina. Ubongo wawo sungagwire ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana zanzeru komanso magwiridwe antchito. M'mbuyomu, akatswiri azachipatala amatcha vutoli "kuchepa kwamaganizidwe."

Pali magawo anayi a ID:

• wofatsa
• moyenera
• kwambiri
• zakuya

Nthawi zina, ID imatha kugawidwa ngati:

• "Zina"
• “Osanenedwa”

ID imakhudzanso ma IQ otsika komanso zovuta kusintha pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pakhoza kukhalanso opunduka ophunzirira, olankhula, ochezera, komanso olumala.

Matenda akuluakulu atha kupezeka atangobadwa. Komabe, mwina simungazindikire kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ID yocheperako mpaka atalephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe amakonda. Pafupifupi milandu yonse ya ID imapezeka mwana akafika zaka 18.

Zizindikiro zakulemala kwamaganizidwe

Zizindikiro za ID zimasiyanasiyana kutengera mulingo wa kulumala kwa mwana wanu ndipo mwina ndi awa:

• kulephera kukwaniritsa zochitika zazikulu zaluntha
• kukhala, kukwawa, kapena kuyenda mochedwa kuposa ana ena
• mavuto kuphunzira kulankhula kapena kuvuta kuyankhula bwino
• mavuto okumbukira
• Kulephera kumvetsetsa zotsatira za zochita
• kulephera kuganiza bwino
• khalidwe lachibwana losagwirizana ndi msinkhu wa mwanayo
• kusowa chidwi
• zovuta kuphunzira
• IQ pansi pa 70
• Kulephera kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha chifukwa chazovuta zolumikizana, kudzisamalira, kapena kucheza ndi ena

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi ID, atha kukumana ndi izi:

• kupsa mtima
• kudalira
• kusiya zochitika zina
• khalidwe lofunafuna chidwi
• kukhumudwa pazaka zaunyamata ndi unyamata
• kusadziletsa
• kusachita
• chizolowezi chodzivulaza
• kuuma khosi
• kudziyang'anira pansi
• kulolerana otsika kukhumudwa
• Matenda a psychotic
• kuvuta kutchera khutu

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi ID amathanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe athupi. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kukhala ndi thunthu lalifupi kapena zovuta zamaso.

Miyeso yaumalema waluntha

ID imagawidwa m'magulu anayi, kutengera IQ ya mwana wanu komanso kusintha kwamachitidwe.

Kulemala pang'ono

Zina mwazizindikiro za kulumala pang'ono pakumvetsetsa ndizo:

• kutenga nthawi yayitali kuti aphunzire kuyankhula, koma kulumikizana bwino akangodziwa
• kukhala odziyimira pawokha pakudziyang'anira paokha akadzakalamba
• kukhala ndi zovuta pakuwerenga ndi kulemba
• kusakhwima pagulu
• kuchuluka kovuta ndi maudindo okwatirana kapena kulera
• kupindula ndi maphunzilo apadera
• kukhala ndi IQ osiyanasiyana 50 mpaka 69

Wolemala waluntha

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi ID yolimbitsa thupi, atha kuwonetsa izi:

• akuchedwa kumvetsetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo
• atha kukhala ndi zovuta zina pakulankhulana
• atha kuphunzira luso loyambira kuwerenga, kulemba, komanso kuwerengera
• Sangathe kukhala okha
• nthawi zambiri amatha kuyenda okha kupita kumalo odziwika bwino
• atha kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zosiyanasiyana
• amakhala ndi IQ osiyanasiyana 35 mpaka 49

Kulemala kwakukulu kwamaluso

Zizindikiro za ID yayikulu ndizo:

• kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwamagalimoto
• kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kapena chitukuko chosazolowereka cha dongosolo lawo lamanjenje
• Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi IQ ya 20 mpaka 34

Kulemala kwakukulu kwamaluso

Zizindikiro za ID yakuya ndizo:

• Kulephera kumvetsetsa kapena kutsatira zopempha kapena malangizo
• kutha kusunthika
• kusadziletsa
• kulankhulana kosafunikira kwenikweni
• Kulephera kudzisamalira paokha
• kufunika kothandizidwa nthawi zonse ndi kuyang'aniridwa
• kukhala ndi IQ yochepera 20

Kulemala kwina kwanzeru

Anthu omwe ali mgululi nthawi zambiri amakhala olumala, amakhala ndi vuto losamva, osalankhula, kapena olumala. Izi zitha kulepheretsa adotolo a mwana wanu kuyesa mayeso owunika.

Kulemala kwapadera kosadziwika

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chidziwitso chosadziwika, awonetsa zizindikiritso za ID, koma dokotala wawo alibe chidziwitso chokwanira kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwaulemala.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa kulumala mwanzeru?

Madokotala sangadziwe nthawi zonse chidziwitso cha ID, koma zomwe zimayambitsa ID ndi monga:

• zoopsa asanabadwe, monga matenda kapena kumwa mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena poizoni wina
• zoopsa pakubadwa, monga kuperewera kwa oxygen kapena kubereka msanga
• zovuta zobadwa nazo, monga phenylketonuria (PKU) kapena matenda a Tay-Sachs
• chromosome yovuta, monga Down syndrome
• lead kapena mercury poyizoni
• kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi kwambiri kapena mavuto ena azakudya
• Matenda owopsa aubwana, monga kukhosomola, chikuku, kapena meninjaitisi
• kuvulala kwaubongo

Kodi kulumala kwa nzeru kumapezeka bwanji?

Kuti mupezeke ndi ID, mwana wanu ayenera kukhala ndi maluso ocheperako komanso anzeru. Dokotala wa mwana wanu adzayesa magawo atatu omwe akuphatikizapo:

• zoyankhulana nanu
• zowonera mwana wanu
• mayesero ofanana

Mwana wanu adzapatsidwa mayeso anzeru, monga Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test. Izi zidzathandiza dokotala kudziwa IQ ya mwana wanu.

Dotolo amathanso kuyesa mayeso ena monga Vineland Adaptive Behaeve Scales. Kuyesaku kumapereka kuwunika kwa maluso a tsiku ndi tsiku a mwana wanu komanso kuthekera kochezera, poyerekeza ndi ana ena azaka zomwezo.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti ana ochokera zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana komanso zachuma amatha kuchita mosiyanasiyana pamayesowa. Kuti apange matenda, dokotala wa mwana wanu adzawona zotsatira zoyesa, kufunsa nanu, ndikuwona kwa mwana wanu.

Njira yowunikira mwana wanu itha kuphatikizira kuyendera akatswiri, omwe atha kukhala:

• katswiri wamaganizidwe
• wodwala matenda olankhula
• wantchito
• Dokotala wa ana
• Katswiri wa ana
• wothandizira thupi

Mayeso a Laboratory ndi imaging amathanso kuchitidwa. Izi zitha kuthandiza dokotala wa mwana wanu kuzindikira mavuto amadzimadzi ndi amtundu, komanso mavuto am'mimba ndi ubongo wa mwana wanu.

Mavuto ena, monga kumva kwakumva, zovuta kuphunzira, mavuto amitsempha, komanso mavuto am'maganizo amathanso kuchedwetsa kukula. Dokotala wa mwana wanu ayenera kuwongolera izi musanazindikire kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ID.

Inu, sukulu ya mwana wanu, ndi dokotala wanu mugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zamayesowa ndikuwunika kuti mupange dongosolo la chithandizo ndi maphunziro a mwana wanu.

Njira zochiritsira zolemala mwanzeru

Mwana wanu adzafunika kupitiliza uphungu kuti awathandize kuthana ndi kulumala kwawo.

Mupeza dongosolo lothandizira mabanja lomwe limafotokoza zosowa za mwana wanu. Dongosololi lidzafotokozeranso ntchito zomwe mwana wanu angafunikire kuti amuthandize pakukula bwino. Zosowa zanu pabanja zidzathandizidwanso m'dongosolo.

Mwana wanu akakonzeka kupita kusukulu, pulogalamu ya Individualised Education Program (IEP) idzakhazikitsidwa kuti iwathandize pa zosowa zawo zamaphunziro. Ana onse omwe ali ndi ID amapindula ndi maphunziro apadera.

Federal Individual Disability Act (IDEA) imafuna kuti masukulu aboma azipereka maphunziro aulere ndi oyenera kwa ana omwe ali ndi ID komanso zina zolephereka.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuthandizira mwana wanu kukwaniritsa zomwe angathe malinga ndi:

• maphunziro
• maluso ochezera
• maluso amoyo

Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• chithandizo chamakhalidwe
• chithandizo pantchito
• uphungu
• mankhwala, nthawi zina

Kodi chiyembekezo chanthawi yayitali ndichotani?

ID ikachitika ndimavuto ena akuthupi, mwana wanu atha kukhala ndi moyo wocheperako zaka. Komabe, ngati mwana wanu ali ndi ID yochepera mpaka pang'ono, atha kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chazomwe amakhala.

Mwana wanu akadzakula, azitha kugwira ntchito yomwe imakwaniritsa ID yawo, kumakhala pawokha, komanso kudzisamalira.

Ntchito zothandizira zilipo kuthandiza achikulire omwe ali ndi ID kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha komanso wokhutiritsa.