Myelomeningocele: ndi chiyani, zizindikiro, zoyambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Zomwe zimayambitsa myelomeningocele
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Kodi opaleshoniyi yachitika bwanji
• Kodi ndizotheka kuchitidwa chiberekero?
• Physiotherapy ya myelomeningocele
• Mukabwerera kwa adotolo

Myelomeningocele ndiye mtundu wolimba kwambiri wa msana bifida, momwe mafupa a msana wa mwana samakula bwino panthawi yapakati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thumba kumbuyo likhale ndi msana, mitsempha ndi madzi am'magazi.

Nthawi zambiri, thumba la myelomeningocele limapezeka pafupipafupi kumbuyo kwa msana, koma limatha kuwoneka paliponse pamsana, ndikupangitsa mwanayo kutaya chidwi ndi magwiridwe antchito a miyendo yomwe ili pansi pomwe panali kusintha.

Myelomeningocele alibe mankhwala chifukwa, ngakhale ndizotheka kuchepetsa chikwama ndi opaleshoni, zotupa zoyambitsidwa ndi vutoli sizingasinthidwe kwathunthu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha myelomeningocele ndikuwonekera kwa thumba kumbuyo kwa mwana, komabe, zizindikilo zina ndi izi:

• Zovuta kapena kusayenda kwa miyendo;
• Minofu kufooka;
• Kutaya chidwi cha kutentha kapena kuzizira;
• Kukhazikika kwamikodzo ndi zimbudzi;
• Zovuta m'miyendo kapena m'mapazi.

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a myelomeningocele amapangidwa atangobadwa ndikuwona thumba kumbuyo kwa mwana. Kuphatikiza apo, dotolo nthawi zambiri amapempha mayeso amitsempha kuti aone ngati ali ndi mitsempha.

Zomwe zimayambitsa myelomeningocele

Zomwe zimayambitsa myelomeningocele sizinakhazikitsidwe bwino, komabe amakhulupirira kuti ndi zotsatira za majini ndi zachilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi mbiri yakusokonekera kwa msana m'banja kapena kuchepa kwa folic acid.

Kuphatikiza apo, azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena opha tizilombo panthawi yapakati, kapena odwala matenda ashuga, amakhala ndi myelomeningocele.

Pofuna kupewa myelomeningocele, ndikofunikira kuti amayi apakati azipatsa folic acid asanakwane komanso ali ndi pakati, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa kupewa myelomeningocele, imalepheretsa kubadwa msanga komanso pre-eclampsia. Onani momwe folic acid supplementation iyenera kuchitidwira panthawi yapakati.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha myelomeningocele nthawi zambiri chimayambika mkati mwa maola 48 oyamba atabadwa ndi opaleshoni kuti athetse kusintha kwa msana ndikuletsa kuyambika kwa matenda kapena zotupa zatsopano mumtsempha, kuchepetsa mtundu wa sequelae.

Ngakhale chithandizo cha myelomeningocele ndi opareshoni ndichothandiza kuchiritsa kuvulala kwa msana kwa mwana, sichitha kuchiza sequelae yomwe mwanayo adabadwa kuyambira atabadwa. Ndiye kuti, ngati mwana adabadwa ndi ziwalo kapena kusadziletsa, mwachitsanzo, sangachiritsidwe, koma zimalepheretsa kuwonekera kwa sequelae watsopano yemwe angabwere chifukwa chokhudzana ndi msana.

Kodi opaleshoniyi yachitika bwanji

Kuchita opaleshoni yothandizira myelomeningocele nthawi zambiri kumachitika mchipatala pansi pa anesthesia ndipo, ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi gulu lomwe lili ndi neurosurgeon komanso dokotala wapulasitiki. Ndicho chifukwa nthawi zambiri amatsatira tsatane-tsatane:

1. Msana wamtsempha watsekedwa ndi neurosurgeon;
2. Minofu yakumbuyo imatsekedwa ndi dotolo wa pulasitiki ndi neurosurgeon;
3. Khungu limatsekedwa ndi dotolo wa pulasitiki.

Nthawi zambiri, popeza pamakhala khungu laling'ono pamalo a myelomeningocele, dokotalayo amafunika kuchotsa kachidutswa ka khungu mbali ina ya msana kapena pansi pake, kuti apange gawo limodzi ndikutseka kotsegulira kumbuyo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ana ambiri omwe ali ndi myelomeningocele amathanso kupanga hydrocephalus, lomwe ndi vuto lomwe limayambitsa kudzikundikira kwamadzimadzi mkati mwa chigaza, chifukwa chake, kungakhale kofunikira kuchitidwa opaleshoni yatsopano chaka chatha chamoyo kuti apange dongosolo lomwe limathandiza kukhetsa madzi m'mbali zina za thupi. Dziwani zambiri za momwe hydrocephalus amathandizidwira.

Kodi ndizotheka kuchitidwa chiberekero?

Ngakhale ndizochepa, muzipatala zina, palinso mwayi wochitidwa opaleshoni kuti athetse myelomeningocele mimba isanathe, akadali mkati mwa chiberekero cha mayi wapakati.

Kuchita opaleshoniyi kumatha kuchitika pafupifupi masabata 24, koma ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imayenera kuchitidwa ndi dotolo wophunzitsidwa bwino, yemwe amatha kupanga opaleshoniyo kukhala yotsika mtengo. Komabe, zotsatira za opareshoni m'chiberekero zimawoneka ngati zabwinoko, chifukwa pamakhala mwayi wochepa wovulala msana wapakati pa mimba.

Physiotherapy ya myelomeningocele

Physiotherapy ya myelomeningocele iyenera kuchitidwa pakukula ndi kukhanda kwa mwana kuti akhalebe ndi matupi olumikizana ndikupewa kupindika kwa minofu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa thupi ndi njira yabwino yolimbikitsira ana kuthana ndi zoperewera, monga za ziwalo, kuwalola kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha, pogwiritsa ntchito ndodo kapena njinga ya olumala, mwachitsanzo.

Mukabwerera kwa adotolo

Mwana akatulutsidwa mchipatala ndikofunikira kupita kwa dotolo pomwe zizindikiro monga:

• Malungo pamwamba 38ºC;
• Kupanda chikhumbo chosewera ndi mphwayi;
• Kufiira pamalo opangira opaleshoni;
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu m'miyendo yosakhudzidwa;
• Kusanza pafupipafupi;
• Malo ofewa osalala.

Zizindikirozi zitha kuwonetsa zovuta zazikulu, monga matenda kapena hydrocephalus, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupita kuchipinda chadzidzidzi mwachangu.