Chithokomiro: chimene chiri, mitundu ikuluikulu ndi zizindikiro

Zamkati

• 1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• 2. Quervain's thyroiditis
• 3. Lymphocytic thyroiditis
• 4. Riedel's thyroiditis
• 5. Matenda ena a chithokomiro

Chithokomiro ndikutupa kwa chithokomiro komwe kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika zingapo, monga kusintha kwa chitetezo chamthupi, matenda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zitha kuchitika modetsa nkhawa, momwe chisinthiko chimafulumira, kapena njira yanthawi yayitali, chifukwa kutupa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono.

Kutupa kwa chithokomiro kumachitika, zizindikilo ndi zizindikilo zimatha kuoneka, monga kupweteka kwa khosi, kuvuta kumeza, malungo ndi kuzizira, komanso kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta monga hypothyroidism kapena hyperthyroidism.

Ndikofunika kuti chithokomiro chizindikiridwe ndikuchiritsidwa matendawa akangowonekera, chifukwa nthawi zina pamakhala mwayi wambiri wochira. Chithandizo cha chithokomiro chikuwonetsedwa ndi endocrinologist ndipo chimasiyana malinga ndi chifukwa chake, chifukwa chake, mtundu wa thyroiditis.

Malinga ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwa chithokomiro, thyroiditis imatha kugawidwa mumitundu ina, mitundu yayikulu ndi:

1. Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a chithokomiro ndipo amapezeka kwambiri kwa azimayi azaka zapakati pa 30 mpaka 50, ngakhale atha kupezeka nthawi iliyonse. Hashimoto's thyroiditis ndimatenda amthupi omwe thupi limatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amalimbana ndi ma cell a chithokomiro, ndikupangitsa kutupa, kusintha kwa magwiridwe awo ndikuchepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chithokomiro chokulitsa, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chotupa, ndipo sizachilendo kupweteketsa mtima. Pakhoza kukhalanso ndi zisonyezo za hypothyroidism, monga kutopa, kuwodzera, khungu louma komanso kusowa kwa ndende, mwachitsanzo, amathanso kusinthana ndi nthawi ya hyperthyroidism, yokhala ndi zizindikilo monga kupindika, kugona tulo komanso kuwonda.

Chithandizo: Chithandizo chimakhazikitsidwa ndi endocrinologist ndipo chithokomiro chobwezeretsa mahomoni nthawi zambiri chimasonyezedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito Levothyroxine, komabe, kuwonetsa kwake kumadalira kutengera kwa ntchito ya chithokomiro, yomwe imatha kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu TSH komanso kuyesa magazi kwa T4 kwaulere.

Dziwani zambiri za Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

2. Quervain's thyroiditis

Quervain's thyroiditis imachitika chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, monga ntchofu, fuluwenza, adenovirus, ecovirus kapena Coxsackie, mwachitsanzo, pofala kwambiri mwa azimayi azaka 30 mpaka 50. Matendawa amachititsa kutupa kwambiri mu chithokomiro ndikuwononga maselo ake.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: kupweteka kwa chithokomiro, komwe kumatha kutuluka nsagwada kapena makutu. Chotupacho chimatha kukulitsidwa pang'ono, ndikupangitsa kupweteka kwa pakhosi ndikuvuta kumeza. Pakhoza kukhalanso ndi zizindikilo za matenda am'mapapo, monga kukhosomola ndi kutulutsa katulutsidwe.

Chithandizo: Chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa chithokomiro chimachitika ndi mankhwala kuti muchepetse zizindikilo, makamaka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga Naproxen, mwachitsanzo. Pazizindikiro zazikulu kapena zosalekeza, kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, monga Prednisone, kumatha kuwonetsedwa ndi endocrinologist.

Kuti atsimikizire mtundu uwu wa chithokomiro, adotolo amatha kuyitanitsa mayeso monga ESR, omwe amadziwika kuti alipo kutupa, kuphatikiza pakuyesa kwa radioactive iodine test, komwe kumawunikira chithokomiro. Ngati pali kukayikirabe, adokotala amatha kutulutsa chithokomiro, chomwe chitha kuthana ndi zifukwa zina, monga chotupa kapena khansa mwachitsanzo. Phunzirani zambiri za mayeso omwe amayesa chithokomiro.

3. Lymphocytic thyroiditis

Lymphocytic thyroiditis, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti chete kapena yopanda ululu, imayambanso chifukwa chodzitchinjiriza, momwe ma antibodies omwe amapangidwa mthupi amalimbana ndi chithokomiro, pofala kwambiri mwa azimayi kuyambira 30 mpaka 60 wazaka.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: lymphocytic thyroiditis sichimayambitsa kupweteka kapena kufooka kwa chithokomiro, komabe imathandizira kutulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro m'magazi, omwe amatha kuyambitsa nthawi yokhala ndi zizindikilo za hyperthyroidism, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachira pakangotha ​​milungu ingapo mpaka miyezi. Nthawi zina, pakhoza kukhala kanthawi kochepa ka hypothyroidism.

Chithandizo: lymphocytic thyroiditis ilibe chithandizo chilichonse, ndipo kuwongolera zizindikilo za hyperthyroidism kumawonetsedwa. Nthawi zina, adokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Propranolol kuti athetse kugunda kwa mtima mu hyperthyroidism kapena m'malo mwa mahomoni mu gawo la hypothyroid, mwachitsanzo.

4. Riedel's thyroiditis

Riedel's thyroiditis, yemwenso amadziwika kuti fibrotic thyroiditis, ndi mtundu wina wamatenda osachiritsika omwe amayambitsa zilonda za chithokomiro ndi fibrosis pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zingayambitse hypothyroidism.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Riedel's thyroiditis imakulitsa kukulira kwa chithokomiro, koma imatha kupangitsa kulemera pakhosi, kuvutika kumeza, kuuma, kumva kupuma komanso kupuma movutikira.

Chithandizo: Chithandizo cha mtundu uwu wa chithokomiro chimachitika ndi mankhwala ochepetsa zotupa, monga corticosteroids, Tamoxifen kapena Methotrexate, mwachitsanzo. Kutulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro kungathenso kuwonetsedwa ndi dokotala, ntchito ya chithokomiro ikasokonekera, ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni, ngati zizindikilo zakuti kupsinjika kwa njira yapaulendo ndizovuta.

5. Matenda ena a chithokomiro

Zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa kuledzera ndi mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy kapena Amiodarone mwachitsanzo. Actinic thyroiditis imayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala a radiation m'chigawo cha khosi, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kutupa kapena kuletsa ntchito yama cell a chithokomiro.

Palinso chithokomiro chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana ndi staphylococcus kapena mabakiteriya amtundu wa streptococcus, kapena bowa, monga Aspergillus kapena KandidaMwachitsanzo, kapena ngakhale tiziromboti ndi mycobacteria.