Mafuta ndi Thanzi

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro za poyizoni wa mafuta
• Zifukwa za poyizoni wa mafuta
• Zotsatira zakanthawi kochepa
• Zotsatira zanthawi yayitali
• Kupeza thandizo ladzidzidzi
• Zikachitika mwadzidzidzi
  
• Chiyembekezo cha munthu yemwe wapatsidwa poyizoni ndi mafuta
• Zolemba pazolemba

Chidule

Mafuta ndi owopsa ku thanzi lanu chifukwa ndi owopsa. Kuwonetsedwa kwa mafuta, mwina mwakulumikizana kapena kupuma, kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto azaumoyo. Zotsatira za poyizoni wa mafuta zitha kuvulaza chiwalo chilichonse chachikulu. Ndikofunika kuyeserera ndikukakamiza kuyendetsa mafuta mosamala popewa poyizoni.

Kuwonetsedwa kosayenera kwa mafuta kumafuna kuyitanitsa chithandizo chamankhwala mwadzidzidzi. Itanani American Association of Poison Control Center ku 1-800-222-1222 ngati mukukhulupirira inu kapena munthu wina yemwe mumadziwa ali ndi poyizoni wamafuta.

Zizindikiro za poyizoni wa mafuta

Kumeza mafuta kumatha kubweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana pazofunikira. Zizindikiro za poyizoni wamafuta zimatha kukhala:

• kuvuta kupuma
• kupweteka pakhosi kapena kutentha
• kuyaka m'mero
• kupweteka m'mimba
• kutaya masomphenya
• kusanza ndi magazi kapena mopanda magazi
• mipando yamagazi
• chizungulire
• mutu wopweteka kwambiri
• kutopa kwambiri
• kusokonezeka
• kufooka kwa thupi
• kutaya chidziwitso

Mafuta akakumana ndi khungu lanu, mutha kukwiya kapena kutentha.

Zifukwa za poyizoni wa mafuta

Mafuta ndizofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri. Gasi ndiye mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira magalimoto ambiri oyendera injini. Zigawo za hydrocarbon zamafuta zimamupangitsa kukhala wakupha. Ma hydrocarboni ndi mtundu wa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma hydrogen ndi ma molekyulu a kaboni. Ndi zina mwazinthu zamakono, kuphatikizapo izi:

• mafuta oyendetsa
• mafuta a nyale
• palafini
• utoto
• simenti ya jombo
• madzimadzi opepuka

Mafuta ali ndi methane ndi benzene, omwe ndi ma hydrocarboni owopsa.

Mwinanso choopsa chachikulu chokhudzidwa ndi mafuta ndichomwe chingawononge mapapu anu mukamatulutsa utsi wake. Kutulutsa mpweya molunjika kumatha kuyambitsa poizoni wa carbon monoxide, ndichifukwa chake simuyenera kuyendetsa galimoto pamalo otsekedwa, monga garaja. Kuwonekera poyera kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonongetsanso mapapu anu.

Kupopera mafuta mu thanki yanu yamafuta sikuli kowopsa kwenikweni. Komabe, kuwonekera mwangozi mwadzidzidzi kumatha kuwononga khungu lanu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta mwangozi ndikofala kwambiri kuposa kumeza dala madzi.

Zotsatira zakanthawi kochepa

Mafuta amatha kusokoneza thanzi lanu mumadzi ndi gasi. Kumeza mafuta kumatha kuwononga mkati mwa thupi lanu ndikuwononga ziwalo zazikulu. Ngati munthu ameza mafuta ochuluka kwambiri, amatha kufa.

Mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndiwofunika kwambiri. Izi zimachitika makamaka mukamagwira ntchito komwe mumagwiritsa ntchito makina amagetsi nthawi zonse. Malinga ndi malinjini, injini zazing'ono zamagetsi zimawononga makamaka chifukwa zimatulutsa ziphe zambiri. Carbon monoxide ndi yosaoneka komanso yopanda fungo, motero mutha kuipuma mochuluka osadziwa. Izi zitha kuwononga ubongo kosatha ngakhale kufa kumene.

Zotsatira zanthawi yayitali

Mafuta ali ndi zovuta zathanzi zomwe zimatha kukhala zaka zingapo. Dizilo ndi mafuta enanso okhala ndi ma hydrocarbon. Ndimagulitsidwe a mafuta, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'masitima apamtunda, m'mabasi, ndi magalimoto apafamu. Mukamakumana pafupipafupi ndi utsi wochokera ku mafuta kapena dizilo, mapapu anu amayamba kuwonongeka pakapita nthawi. Kafukufuku wa 2012 ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) adapeza chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa yamapapo mwa anthu omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi ndi dizilo.

Makina a dizilo akayamba kutchuka chifukwa cha mphamvu zamagetsi, anthu amafunika kudziwa kuwopsa kwawo. Muyenera kutsatira izi:

• Osayima pafupi ndi mapaipi otulutsa.
• Osayima mozungulira utsi wamafuta.
• Musagwiritse ntchito injini m'malo otsekedwa.

Kupeza thandizo ladzidzidzi

Kumeza mafuta kapena kutulutsa utsi mopitirira muyeso kumapangitsa kuti mupite kuchipinda chadzidzidzi kapena kuyimbira kuchipatala. Onetsetsani kuti munthuyo wakhala pansi ndikumwa madzi pokhapokha atalangizidwa kuti asatero. Onetsetsani kuti ali m'dera lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino.

Onetsetsani kuti mutenge izi:

Zikachitika mwadzidzidzi

• Musakakamize kusanza.
• Osamupatsa mkaka wovutikayo.
• Osapereka zakumwa kwa wogwidwa osazindikira.
• Osamusiya wovulalayo ndipo iwe wekha utakumana ndi utsi wamafuta.
• Osayesa kuthetsa vutoli nokha. Nthawi zonse muziyitanitsa thandizo.

Chiyembekezo cha munthu yemwe wapatsidwa poyizoni ndi mafuta

Maganizo a poyizoni wamafuta amatengera kuchuluka kwa kuwonekera kwanu komanso momwe mumalandirira chithandizo mwachangu. Mukalandira chithandizo mwachangu, mumayenera kuchira popanda kuvulala kwenikweni. Komabe, kupezeka kwa mafuta nthawi zonse kumatha kuyambitsa mavuto m'mapapu, mkamwa, ndi m'mimba.

Mafuta asintha kwambiri kuti achepetse khansa, komabe palinso zoopsa zazikulu zokhudzana ndi izo. Nthawi zonse chitani mosamala mukakumana ndi mafuta amafuta ndi mafuta. Ngati mukuganiza kuti pali khungu kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti kuchuluka kwake kwathiridwa, muyenera kuyitanitsa American Association of Poison Control Center pa 1-800-222-1222.

Zolemba pazolemba

• Zowopsa za kaboni monoxide kuchokera ku injini zazing'ono zamagetsi. (2012, Juni 5). Kuchokera ku
• Mafuta - mankhwala mafuta. (2014, Disembala 5). Kuchokera ku http://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm?page=gasoline_home
• Simoni, S. (2012, Juni 15). Bungwe la World Health Organisation lati kutulutsa dizilo kumayambitsa khansa Kuchokera ku http://www.cancer.org/cancer/news/world-health-organization-says-diesel-exhaust-causes-cancer